{"id":14439,"date":"2011-02-20T15:28:03","date_gmt":"2011-02-20T12:28:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/?p=14439"},"modified":"2011-08-08T23:06:41","modified_gmt":"2011-08-08T20:06:41","slug":"eksperimentaalsed-andmed-suurendavad-supertahkiste-olemasolu-toenaosust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/?p=14439","title":{"rendered":"Eksperimentaalsed andmed suurendavad supertahkiste olemasolu t\u00f5en\u00e4osust"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Supertahkised ja supervedelikud on kvantmehaaniliste n\u00e4htuste \u00fched k\u00f5ige eksootilisemad n\u00e4ited. Supervedelikud voolavad ilma viskoossuseta ning vedeliku ja anuma seinte vahel ei toimu voolamisel mingit h\u00f5\u00f5rdumist, sest nende aatomid &#8216;kondenseeruvad&#8217; \u00fclikoherentsesse aineolekusse. Ka supertahkiseid iseloomustavad koherentsed n\u00e4htused, kuid seda nende kristallv\u00f5restiku v\u00f5ret\u00fchikutes mitte tahkise enda aatomite vahel.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14441\" style=\"width: 207px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/findingsolid.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14441\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-14441\" title=\"findingsolid\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/findingsolid-197x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"197\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/findingsolid-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/findingsolid-675x1024.jpg 675w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/findingsolid.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 197px) 100vw, 197px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14441\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Isevalmistatud p\u00f6\u00f6rlev kr\u00fcostaat, mis on v\u00f5imeline saavutama 15 tuhandiku Kelvini suurust temperatuuri, aitab f\u00fc\u00fcsikutel leida t\u00f5endeid supertahkise olemasolu kohta. Pilt: 2011 Kimitoshi Kono and Eunseong Kim<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Tahke heelium-4 kangi p\u00f6\u00f6rlemisinertsi v\u00e4henemisel selle samaaegsel jahutamisel v\u00e4ga madalate temperatuurideni saadi \u00a0supertahkiste kohta esimesed eksperimentaalsed t\u00f5endid. F\u00fc\u00fcsikud t\u00f5lgendasid tulemusi nii, et v\u00e4henemine t\u00e4hendas mingi koguse supertahke heeliumi tekkimist ning eraldumist \u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nud kangist, m\u00f5jutades selle p\u00f6\u00f6rlemisinertsi ning -sagedust. Teised teadlased aga pakkusid, et inertsi v\u00e4henemine tulenes heeliumi viskoossuse ja elastsuse muutumisest temperatuuri m\u00f5jul mitte supertahkiseks muutumise t\u00f5ttu, kirjutab <a href=\"http:\/\/www.physorg.com\/news\/2011-02-experimental-evidence-likelihood-supersolids-exotic.html\">Physorg.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kimitoshi Kono<\/strong> RIKEN Arenenud Teaduste Instituudist Jaapanist, <strong>Eunseong Kim<\/strong> KAIST&#8217;ist Koreast ning nende kolleegid nendest instituutidest on n\u00fc\u00fcdseks alternatiivsed t\u00f5lgendused \u00fcmber l\u00fckanud, tehes seda tahke heelium-4 rakukese nihkemooduli(viskoossuse ja elastsuse n\u00e4itaja) ning p\u00f6\u00f6rlemisinertsi samaaegsel m\u00f5\u00f5tmisel temperatuurilangusel \u00fchelt Kelvinilt 15 tuhandiku Kelvinini. Rakuke pandi perioodiliselt p\u00f6\u00f6rlema vastu- ning seej\u00e4rel p\u00e4rip\u00e4eva ning samuti ka pidevalt kas vastu- v\u00f5i p\u00e4rip\u00e4eva(Joonis 1). Pidev p\u00f6\u00f6rlemine m\u00f5jutas heeliumi inertsilist massi kuid mitte selle nihkemoodulit, mist\u00f5ttu neid n\u00e4itajaid sai eraldi j\u00e4lgida.<\/p>\n<p>Pideva p\u00f6\u00f6rlemise puhul oli p\u00f6\u00f6rlemisinertsi muutumise m\u00e4\u00e4r selgelt s\u00f5ltumatu p\u00f6\u00f6rlemiskiirusest, nihkemoodul seda aga polnud. M\u00f5lemad tulemused on erinevad sellest, mida v\u00f5iks oodata, kui supertahkuse asemel m\u00e4ngiksid rolli hoopiski viskoelastsed efektid. Samuti leidsid teadlased et perioodiline ja pidev p\u00f6\u00f6rlemine m\u00f5jutasid p\u00f6\u00f6rlemist erinevalt, t\u00f5statades k\u00fcsimusi katseseadme kohta.<\/p>\n<p>Andmed toetavad t\u00f5lgendust, mille kohaselt tuleneb heelium-4 p\u00f6\u00f6rlemisinertsi muutus madalatel temperatuuridel supertahkusest. See on n\u00e4htuse uudsuse ja \u00fcllatavuse t\u00f5ttu oluline, s\u00f5nas Kono. ,,Supervedelus tahkises on v\u00e4ga radikaalne n\u00e4htus, mis t\u00f5estamise korral oleks kindlasti hea kandidaat ka Nobeli Preemiale,&#8221; lisas ta. ,,Seet\u00f5ttu on esmat\u00e4htis teha kindlaks, kas seda saab t\u00f5estada nii, et ka alternatiivsete t\u00f5lgendustega f\u00fc\u00fcsikut selles veenduksid.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.physorg.com\/news\/2011-02-experimental-evidence-likelihood-supersolids-exotic.html\">Allikas<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Teadusartikkel &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/330\/6010\/1512.abstract\">Evidence of Supersolidity in Rotating Solid Helium<\/a>&#8220;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supertahkised ja supervedelikud on kvantmehaaniliste n\u00e4htuste \u00fched k\u00f5ige eksootilisemad n\u00e4ited. Supervedelikud voolavad ilma viskoossuseta ning vedeliku ja anuma seinte vahel ei toimu voolamisel mingit h\u00f5\u00f5rdumist, sest nende aatomid &#8216;kondenseeruvad&#8217; \u00fclikoherentsesse aineolekusse. Ka supertahkiseid iseloomustavad koherentsed n\u00e4htused, kuid seda nende kristallv\u00f5restiku v\u00f5ret\u00fchikutes mitte tahkise enda aatomite vahel. Tahke heelium-4 kangi p\u00f6\u00f6rlemisinertsi v\u00e4henemisel selle samaaegsel jahutamisel v\u00e4ga [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-14439","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-teadusuudis","7":"entry","8":"has-post-thumbnail"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14439"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14439\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}