{"id":16589,"date":"2011-04-25T14:29:39","date_gmt":"2011-04-25T11:29:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/?p=16589"},"modified":"2011-08-08T23:05:57","modified_gmt":"2011-08-08T20:05:57","slug":"antiheelium-4-fuusikud-napsasid-raskeima-antiaine-rekordi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/?p=16589","title":{"rendered":"Antiheelium-4: f\u00fc\u00fcsikud napsasid raskeima antiaine rekordi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>RHIC(Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Experiment)&#8217;i STAR&#8217;i eksperimendis valmistati kaheksateist seni raskeima antiaine antiheelium-4 tuuma.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>,,Juba praegu on STARi k\u00e4es raskeimate antiosakeste rekord &#8211; eelmisel aastal identifitseeriti anti-h\u00fcpertriiton, mis koosneb kolmest antiosakesest. Nelja antinukleoniline antiheelium-4 tekib veel tuhat korda v\u00e4iksema sagedusega. Et teha kindlaks 18 vajalikku eksemplari, tuli teadlastel t\u00f6\u00f6tada l\u00e4bi miljardite kullaosakeste p\u00f5rgete andmed, &#8221; s\u00f5nas STARi eksperimendi esindaja <strong>Nu Xu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_16590\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/110424152441-large.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16590\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-16590\" title=\"110424152441-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/110424152441-large-300x273.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/110424152441-large-300x273.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/110424152441-large-250x227.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/110424152441-large.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-16590\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Energiliste kulla tuumade p\u00f5rgetel STARis saadakse umbes v\u00f5rdses koguses ainet ja antiainet, kuid et &quot;tulepall&quot; paisub ja jahtub, eksisteerib antiaine kauem kui see kestis p\u00e4rast Suurt Pauku. Antud p\u00f5rkes pandi tavalise heelium-4 tuum(taga) paari antiheelium-4 tuumaga(ees). Pilt: STAR Collaboration and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory<\/p><\/div>\n<p>STARis toimuvad energilised kulla tuumaosakeste p\u00f5rked taasloovad vaid m\u00f5ni hetk p\u00e4rast Suurt Pauku valitsenud tingimused. Et Suures Paugus tekkis v\u00f5rdne kogus nii ainet kui ka antiainet, siis oleksid need pidanud omavahel annihileeruma, kuid seniteadmata p\u00f5hjustel paistab vaid aine olevat s\u00e4ilinud. T\u00e4nap\u00e4eval moodustab see aine \u00fclekaal kogu meile n\u00e4htava universumi, kirjutab <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2011\/04\/110424152441.htm\">ScienceDaily.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Umbes samas koguses ainet ja antiainet tekib ka RHICi raskete ioonide(kulla tuumade) p\u00f5rgetes. Nii saadud &#8220;tulepallid&#8221; paisuvad ning jahtuvad kiiresti, mist\u00f5ttu antiaine saab annihileerumist v\u00e4ltida piisavalt kaua, et STARi detektorid seda tabaksid.<\/p>\n<p>Tavaliseld heeliumi aatomid koosnevad kahest prootonist ja kahest neutronist. Radioaktiivsel lagunemisel kiiratud alfaosakeste kujul leidis need Ernest Rutherford rohkem kui sajand tagasi. Antiheelium-4 tuum koosneb kahest antiprootonist ja kahest antineutronist.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f5ige tavalisemat antiosakesed on \u00fcldiselt k\u00f5ige kergemad, sest nende loomiseks on vaja v\u00e4hem energiat. Carl Anderson oli esimene antiosakese leidnud teadlane, ta avastas selle kosmilise kiirguse j\u00e4\u00e4kidest 1932. aastal. 1950ndatel aastatel valmistati Berkeley Laboratooriumi Bevatronis antiprooton ja antineutron. Antideutroni tuum(anti-raske-vesiniku, koosneb antiprootonist ja antineutronist) saadi 1960ndatel Brookhaveni ja CERNi kiirenditel.<\/p>\n<p>Iga uus tuumaosake(bar\u00fcon) suurendab osakese bar\u00fcon-numbrit ning STARi p\u00f5rgete puhul t\u00e4hendab iga bar\u00fcon-numbri kasv osakese saamise t\u00f5en\u00e4osuse ligi 1000 kordset v\u00e4henemist. Ainult \u00fche neutroniga(antiheelium-3) antiheeliumi isotoobi tuumasid on kiirendites valmistatud juba alates 1970ndatest, STARi eksperiment vastutab neist mitmete eest. Bar\u00fcon-number 4-ga antiheeliumi tuumad, millede valmistamisest STAR hiljuti teada andis, p\u00f5hinedes kuueteistk\u00fcmnele 2010. aastal identifitseeritud ja kahele varem leitud tuumale, koosneb seni detekteeritutest k\u00f5ige rohkematest antiosakese tuumaosakestest.<\/p>\n<p>,,Antiheeliumile j\u00e4rgnev stabiilne antiaine tuum oleks antiliitium, kuid selle kiirendis saamise t\u00f5en\u00e4osus on \u00fcle kahe miljoni korra v\u00e4iksem kui antiheeliumil,&#8221; s\u00f5nas <strong>Xiangming Sun<\/strong> Berkeley Laboratooriumist.<\/p>\n<p>Loe l\u00e4hemalt: &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2011\/04\/110424152441.htm\">Anti-Helium Discovered in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Experiment<\/a>&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>ja &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.physorg.com\/news\/2011-04-antihelium-physicists-nab-heaviest-antimatter.html\">Antihelium-4: Physicists nab new record for heaviest antimatter<\/a>&#8220;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>RHIC(Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Experiment)&#8217;i STAR&#8217;i eksperimendis valmistati kaheksateist seni raskeima antiaine antiheelium-4 tuuma. ,,Juba praegu on STARi k\u00e4es raskeimate antiosakeste rekord &#8211; eelmisel aastal identifitseeriti anti-h\u00fcpertriiton, mis koosneb kolmest antiosakesest. Nelja antinukleoniline antiheelium-4 tekib veel tuhat korda v\u00e4iksema sagedusega. Et teha kindlaks 18 vajalikku eksemplari, tuli teadlastel t\u00f6\u00f6tada l\u00e4bi miljardite kullaosakeste p\u00f5rgete andmed, &#8221; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-16589","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-teadusuudis","7":"entry","8":"has-post-thumbnail"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16589"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16589\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}