{"id":24379,"date":"2012-01-16T12:52:33","date_gmt":"2012-01-16T09:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/?p=24379"},"modified":"2012-01-16T12:53:20","modified_gmt":"2012-01-16T09:53:20","slug":"ibm-valmistas-12-aatomi-suuruse-magnetbiti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/?p=24379","title":{"rendered":"IBM valmistas 12 aatomi suuruse magnetbiti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Kalifornias Almadenis baseeruv IBM teadusasutus avalikustas teadlaste valmistatud k\u00f5igest 12 aatomil t\u00f6\u00f6tavat \u00fchebitist m\u00e4luseadet. Tegemist on seni v\u00e4ikseima m\u00e4luseadmega. Praktilised rakendused on aga kaugel.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_24380\" style=\"width: 260px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/ibm_12_aatomit.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-24380\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24380\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/ibm_12_aatomit.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/ibm_12_aatomit.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/ibm_12_aatomit-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-24380\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">IBM 12 raua aatomist koosneb bitine m\u00e4luseade<\/p><\/div>\n<p>IBM teadlane Andreas Heinrich valmistas biti koos t\u00f6\u00f6kaaslastega kahest vastassuunas magneeditud paralleelsest raua aatomite reast. M\u00e4luseadme binaarset olekut saab muuta polariseeritud skaneeriva tunnelmikroskoobi teravikuga. Olekut on v\u00f5imalik m\u00f5\u00f5ta kasutades magnetotakistuslikku (<em>magnetoresistive<\/em>) \u00a0tunnelleerumist, mis p\u00f5hineb elektronide tunnelleerumise varieerumisel vastavalt teraviku ja objekti spinnide paralleelsusel v\u00f5i antiparalleelsusel.<\/p>\n<p>Kasutusel olevate k\u00f5vaketaste bitid koosnevad ligikaudu miljonist aatomist. Igal bitil on summaarne magnetolek, mis on aga v\u00e4liste magnetv\u00e4ljade suhtes h\u00e4iretundlik. IBM t\u00f6\u00f6r\u00fchma s\u00f5nul on nende m\u00e4luseadme \u00fclesehitus stabiilsem, sest rauaatomite ridade vastassuunaliste magnetmomentide summa on null, mist\u00f5ttu on v\u00f5imalik ribasid \u00fcksteisele v\u00e4hese h\u00e4iritusega l\u00e4hendada.<\/p>\n<p>IBM avaldatud video (artikli allosas) viitab, et nende seade v\u00f5ib sillutada tee uute m\u00e4lutihedate andmetalletusseadmete arenguni. Mainimata on aga j\u00e4etud, et biti oleku muutmiseks on tarvis skaneerivat tunnelmikroskoopi. Lisaks on vaja sihtaatomid soojuslike h\u00e4irete v\u00e4hendamiseks jahutada absoluutse nulli l\u00e4hedasele temperatuurile.<\/p>\n<p>Teiseks paneb soojuslik energia eraldiseisvate toatemperatuuril t\u00f6\u00f6tavate bittide suuruse alamm\u00e4\u00e4rale piiri. Konventsionaalsete k\u00f5vaketaste bitised piirkonnad muutuvad toatemperatuuril ebastabiilseks juhul, kui need on v\u00e4iksemad kui 6 nanomeetrit, mis on enam-v\u00e4hem samas suurusj\u00e4rgus IBM valmistatud seadmele.<\/p>\n<p>Rivaalfirma Hitachi teadlased plaanivad aga kontseptsiooni edasi arendada. Esiteks plaanitakse raua asemel kasutada raskemini magneetuvat materjali. Parem materjal t\u00e4hendaks aga kirjutamisprotsessi raskendamist, sest magnetmomendi rakendamise asemel tuleks kasutada lasereid. Tootmisest veel r\u00e4\u00e4kida ei saa.<\/p>\n<p>New York Timesi anal\u00fc\u00fctikute kohaselt ei v\u00e4lju sarnased seadmed laborist kunagi. Sellegi poolest on antiferromagnetism tegemas olulisi teadussamme. Times mainib k\u00f5vaketaste kirjutusp\u00e4id ja tulevikum\u00e4luseadmeid: spin-momendi \u00fclekandega muutm\u00e4lu (<em>spin-torque-transfer RAM<\/em>). Aeg annab arutust.<\/p>\n<p>[vsw id=&#8221;hpKMShooDBo&#8221; source=&#8221;youtube&#8221; width=&#8221;425&#8243; height=&#8221;344&#8243; autoplay=&#8221;no&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Allikas: <a href=\"http:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/tech-talk\/computing\/hardware\/ibm-makes-tiny-but-impractical-12atom-magnetic-bit\">IEEE <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kalifornias Almadenis baseeruv IBM teadusasutus avalikustas teadlaste valmistatud k\u00f5igest 12 aatomil t\u00f6\u00f6tavat \u00fchebitist m\u00e4luseadet. Tegemist on seni v\u00e4ikseima m\u00e4luseadmega. Praktilised rakendused on aga kaugel. IBM teadlane Andreas Heinrich valmistas biti koos t\u00f6\u00f6kaaslastega kahest vastassuunas magneeditud paralleelsest raua aatomite reast. M\u00e4luseadme binaarset olekut saab muuta polariseeritud skaneeriva tunnelmikroskoobi teravikuga. Olekut on v\u00f5imalik m\u00f5\u00f5ta kasutades magnetotakistuslikku (magnetoresistive) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":449,"featured_media":24380,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-24379","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-teadusuudis","8":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/449"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24379"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24379\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/24380"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}