{"id":25090,"date":"2012-02-10T22:52:24","date_gmt":"2012-02-10T19:52:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/?p=25090"},"modified":"2012-02-10T22:52:24","modified_gmt":"2012-02-10T19:52:24","slug":"teadlased-ennustavad-uut-tuupi-jaa-olemasolu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/?p=25090","title":{"rendered":"Teadlased ennustavad uut t\u00fc\u00fcpi j\u00e4\u00e4 olemasolu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Cornelli teadlased l\u00e4hevad julgelt sinna, kus \u00fckski veemolekul veel olnud pole \u2013 mis puutub r\u00f5hkudesse, mida Maal ei esine.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Teadlased uurisid Cornelli\u00a0<strong>Neil Ashcroft<\/strong>i s\u00f5nul materjalide elektrilisi omadusi, kus\u00a0 materjal muutub isoleerivast olekust elektrivoolu juhtivaks v\u00f5i metalliliseks. Nad kombineerisid t\u00e4nap\u00e4evaseid arvutustehnika v\u00f5imalusi\u00a0 ja \u201ekeemilist intuitsiooni\u201c selleks, et\u00a0 uurida vee uusi faase \u2013 t\u00e4psemalt j\u00e4\u00e4d \u00fclisuurtel r\u00f5hkudel, mida Maal ei esine, kuid mida arvatakse mujal P\u00e4ikeses\u00fcsteemis\u00a0 k\u00fclluslikult leiduvat, kirjutab\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.physorg.com\/news\/2012-01-scientists-out-of-this-world-kind-ice.html\">Physorg.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_25091\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/scientistspr1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25091\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25091\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/scientistspr1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/scientistspr1.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/scientistspr1-250x170.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-25091\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">J\u00e4\u00e4 teatud faasi staatiline kristallstruktuur 2-terapaskalise r\u00f5hu korral. Pilt: Physorg.com<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Teadusajakirjas <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em> avaldatud uurimust\u00f6\u00f6 viisid l\u00e4bi <strong>Aschroft<\/strong>, <strong>Ronald Hoffmann<\/strong>, <strong>Frank H.T. Rhodes<\/strong> ja <strong>Andreas Hermann<\/strong>.\u00a0Teadlased \u00fchendasid oma huvi kondenseerunud aine f\u00fc\u00fcsika, keemia ja vee uurimise vastu k\u00f5rgete r\u00f5hkude korral. Nad ennustavad \u00fche ennen\u00e4gematu stabiilsete j\u00e4\u00e4struktuuride j\u00e4rjestuse olemasolu 1\u20135 terapaskalises r\u00f5huvahemikus. Maistel tingimustel v\u00e4ljendatakse r\u00f5hku atmosf\u00e4\u00e4rides \u2013 me elame \u00fche atmosf\u00e4\u00e4rise r\u00f5hu all. \u00dche terapaskali (TPa) v\u00e4\u00e4rtus on 10 miljonit atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eSee r\u00f5hk \u00fcletab suuresti v\u00f5imalikkuse piiri laboritingimustes,\u201c s\u00f5nas Hoffmann. Sellegipoolest j\u00e4\u00e4b see r\u00f5hure\u017eiimide vahemikku Uraanil ja Neptuunil. Nende planeetide p\u00f5hiliste koostisosade seas on j\u00e4\u00e4. See t\u00e4hendab, et need \u201eotsitud\u201c j\u00e4\u00e4 faasid ei pruugi olla pelgalt teooriad, vaid neid on t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt v\u00f5imalik leida meie P\u00e4ikeses\u00fcsteemi v\u00e4limiste planeetide koostises, kui oleks v\u00f5imalik nende tuuma suunas alla laskuda, v\u00f5i t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval avastatavate p\u00e4ikeses\u00fcsteemiv\u00e4liste planeetide keskmes.<\/p>\n<p>Mida teeb j\u00e4\u00e4 nendel r\u00f5huskaaladel? Eraldiseisvad vee molekulid kaovad; uues j\u00e4\u00e4s moodustub vee molekulidest vesiniku ja hapniku aatomite laiendatud v\u00f5rgustik. Hapnik-vesinik-hapnik sidemed pigistatakse kokku justkui kilud karbis ning tekivad uued struktuurid. Uut t\u00fc\u00fcpi j\u00e4\u00e4 muutub l\u00f5puks metalliliseks, kuid mitte nii kiiresti kui eelnevalt arvati. Cornelli uurijaid inspireerinud teadlased teistest \u00fclikoolidest on varem kirjeldanud j\u00e4\u00e4 faase, mis muutuvad metalliliseks enam kui 1550 gigapaskali suurustel r\u00f5hkudel (1 gigapaskal on 10\u00a0000 atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri). Cornelli teadlaste arvutused ennustavad, et uued faasid stabiliseeruvad r\u00f5hkudel \u00fcle \u00fche terapaskali, kusjuures k\u00f5ige p\u00fcsivamad uued j\u00e4\u00e4d saavad olema isoleerivad, mitte metallilised. See l\u00fckkab teoreetilise metalliseerumiseks vajaliku \u00fclemineku r\u00f5hu v\u00e4\u00e4rtuse \u00fcle 4,8 TPa.<\/p>\n<p>Uurijate arvutused viitavad ka t\u00f5enditele, et nendel ekstreemsetel r\u00f5hure\u017eiimidel muutub v\u00f5imalikuks j\u00e4\u00e4 kokkusurumine piirini, mil toimub \u00fcleminek kvantvedelikuks. See on Cornelli teadlaste s\u00f5nul \u00fclimalt ebaharilik. \u201eRaske on ette kujutada r\u00f5hu p\u00f5hjustatud j\u00e4\u00e4 sulamist,\u201c v\u00e4itis Ashcroft.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.physorg.com\/news\/2012-01-scientists-out-of-this-world-kind-ice.html\">Allikas<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Teadusartikkel: \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/109\/3\/745.abstract?sid=01196afa-6765-4de5-beaa-e966eeb64c00\">High pressure ices<\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cornelli teadlased l\u00e4hevad julgelt sinna, kus \u00fckski veemolekul veel olnud pole \u2013 mis puutub r\u00f5hkudesse, mida Maal ei esine. Teadlased uurisid Cornelli\u00a0Neil Ashcrofti s\u00f5nul materjalide elektrilisi omadusi, kus\u00a0 materjal muutub isoleerivast olekust elektrivoolu juhtivaks v\u00f5i metalliliseks. Nad kombineerisid t\u00e4nap\u00e4evaseid arvutustehnika v\u00f5imalusi\u00a0 ja \u201ekeemilist intuitsiooni\u201c selleks, et\u00a0 uurida vee uusi faase \u2013 t\u00e4psemalt j\u00e4\u00e4d \u00fclisuurtel r\u00f5hkudel, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":448,"featured_media":25091,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[110],"class_list":{"0":"post-25090","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-teadusuudis","8":"tag-materjal","9":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25090","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/448"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25090"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25090\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/25091"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}