{"id":28251,"date":"2012-06-29T09:28:18","date_gmt":"2012-06-29T06:28:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/?p=28251"},"modified":"2012-06-29T09:28:51","modified_gmt":"2012-06-29T06:28:51","slug":"kas-termotuumareaktori-saladused-peituvad-paikese-tsuklonites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/?p=28251","title":{"rendered":"Kas termotuumareaktori saladused peituvad P\u00e4ikese ts\u00fcklonites?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>P\u00e4ikese pinnal p\u00fchib tolmu \u00fcles ligi k\u00fcmme tuhat hiiglaslikku tornaadot. Iga\u00fcks neist keerlevatest magnettormidest on Euroopa suurune ning koos v\u00f5ivad need pumbata P\u00e4ikese atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri nii palju energiat, et t\u00f5sta selle temperatuur miljonite kraadideni. Sellise j\u00f5u t\u00f5ttu arvavad m\u00f5ned teadlased, et me v\u00f5iksime termotuumaenergia ammutamise eesm\u00e4rgil P\u00e4ikese tornaadosid kopeerida.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_28252\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/dn21981-1_300.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28252\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28252\" title=\"dn21981-1_300\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/uudised\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/dn21981-1_300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/dn21981-1_300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/dn21981-1_300-262x300.jpg 262w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/dn21981-1_300-250x285.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-28252\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visualiseeritud magnettornaado P\u00e4ikese atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ris. Pilt: Wedemeyer-B\u00f6hm et al Image produced with VAPOR<\/p><\/div>\n<p>P\u00e4ikese n\u00e4htava pinna temperatuur on rohkem kui 5000 Kelvinit, kuid P\u00e4ikese v\u00e4lise atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri ehk krooniga v\u00f5rreldes on see j\u00e4\u00e4k\u00fclm. P\u00e4ikesekrooni \u00f5hukese plasma temperatuur v\u00f5ib ulatuda rohkem kui miljoni Kelvinini, mis on aga veider, sest tavaliselt temperatuur soojusallikast eemale liikudes langeb, kirjutab <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/dn21981-astrophile-solar-cyclones-hold-fusion-reactor-clues.html\">NewScientist.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Vihje selle n\u00e4htuse m\u00f5istmiseks leiti 2008. aastal, mil Oslo \u00dclikooli teadlane <strong>Sven Wedemeyer-B\u00f6hm <\/strong>m\u00e4rkas P\u00e4ikese pinnal pilkup\u00fc\u00fcdvaid p\u00f6\u00f6riseid. Neid p\u00f6\u00f6rlevaid mustreid v\u00f5is n\u00e4ha La Palma saarel asuva Rootsi P\u00e4ikeseteleskoobi (<em>Swedish Solar Telescope<\/em>)\u00a0ning CRISP-nimelise seadme tehtud fotodest. CRISP suudab n\u00e4ha P\u00e4ikese atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri madalaimatesse kihtidesse ehk v\u00f5rdlemisi \u00f5hukesse alasse nimega kromosf\u00e4\u00e4r.<\/p>\n<p>,,Sel hetkel ei saanud me p\u00e4ris t\u00e4pselt aru, mis nende p\u00f6\u00f6riste taga peitus,&#8221; s\u00f5nas Wedemeyer-B\u00f6hm. N\u00fc\u00fcd aga kasutasid teadlased NASA P\u00e4ikesed\u00fcnaamika Observatooriumi (<em>Solar Dynamics Observatory<\/em> ehk SDO) andmeid ning arvutisimulatsioone, et asjast paremat pilti luua.<\/p>\n<p>SDO suudab n\u00e4ha ekstreemseid ultraviolett-lainepikkusi, mille Maa atmosf\u00e4\u00e4r \u00e4ra blokeerib, v\u00f5imaldades vaadata p\u00e4ikesekrooni seda osa, kus temperatuur j\u00e4rsult t\u00f5useb. SDO ja P\u00e4ikeseteleskoobi samaaegsete vaatluste abil n\u00e4gid teadlased kromosf\u00e4\u00e4rist kroonini ulatuvaid p\u00f6\u00f6riseid.<\/p>\n<p>Simulatsioonid n\u00e4itavad, et p\u00f6\u00f6rised tekivad, kui P\u00e4ikese pinna l\u00e4hedane konvektsioon viib mingi osa ainet l\u00e4bi kitsaste kanalite allapoole. Just nagu vannivee keerises \u00e4ravooluava kohal, materjal p\u00f6\u00f6rleb, tekitades enda kohal v\u00e4\u00e4nleva segu plasmast ja magnetv\u00e4ljadest. P\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt n\u00e4evad sellised keerised v\u00e4lja justkui Maa tornaadod, kuid nende l\u00e4bim\u00f5\u00f5t on kuni 1500 kilomeetrit ning maksimaalsed tuulekiirused ulatuvad k\u00fcmnete tuhandete kilomeetriteni tunnis.<\/p>\n<p>Oluline on siin see, et muude aladega v\u00f5rreldes antakse iga tornaado \u00fclaosas \u00e4ra palju rohkem ultraviolettkiirgust &#8211; m\u00e4rk sellest, et selles punktis plasma kuumeneb. Teadlaster\u00fchma liige <strong>Robert Erd\u00e9lyi<\/strong> s\u00f5nul kantakse energiat ilmselt edasi torsionaalsete Alfv\u00e9ni lainete nime kandvate\u00a0magneth\u00e4irituste abil. Need liiguvad kiiresti m\u00f6\u00f6da v\u00e4\u00e4natud v\u00e4ljajooni \u00fclespoole ning hajuvad p\u00e4ikesekroonis soojusena laiali.<\/p>\n<p>See pole ainus viis, kuidas soojus kroonini j\u00f5uab. Energiat kannavad \u00fclespoole ka v\u00e4ikesed pursked ehk protuberantsid. Lisaks vabaneb energia ka erinevates plahvatuslikes s\u00fcndmustes, sealhulgas p\u00e4ikesepursetes. Teadlaste s\u00f5nul v\u00f5ivad tornaadod olla aga selle soojenemise peamiseks p\u00f5hjuseks.<\/p>\n<p>Kui selline asi toimib P\u00e4ikesel, siis miks ei peaks see t\u00f6\u00f6tama ka Maal? ,,Me v\u00f5iksime selle meetodi otse loodusest varastada,&#8221; lausus Erd\u00e9lyi. Prantsusmaal asuvas ITERi projektis proovivad teadlased saada energiat termotuumareaktsioonist, mille jaoks tuleb plasma mitme miljoni kraadini kuumutada. Erd\u00e9lyi arvab, et kui me m\u00f5istaksime paremini p\u00e4ikesekrooni soojenemist, siis saaks sarnast protsessi kasutada soojuse lisamiseks reaktorisse. Seej\u00e4rel tooksid need v\u00e4ikesem\u00f5\u00f5tmelised p\u00e4ikesetornaadod meie kodudesse soojust ja valgust.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/dn21981-astrophile-solar-cyclones-hold-fusion-reactor-clues.html\">Allikas<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Teadusartikkel: &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v486\/n7404\/full\/nature11202.html\">Magnetic tornadoes as energy channels into the solar corona<\/a>&#8220;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u00e4ikese pinnal p\u00fchib tolmu \u00fcles ligi k\u00fcmme tuhat hiiglaslikku tornaadot. Iga\u00fcks neist keerlevatest magnettormidest on Euroopa suurune ning koos v\u00f5ivad need pumbata P\u00e4ikese atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri nii palju energiat, et t\u00f5sta selle temperatuur miljonite kraadideni. Sellise j\u00f5u t\u00f5ttu arvavad m\u00f5ned teadlased, et me v\u00f5iksime termotuumaenergia ammutamise eesm\u00e4rgil P\u00e4ikese tornaadosid kopeerida. P\u00e4ikese n\u00e4htava pinna temperatuur on rohkem kui [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":28252,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[53],"class_list":{"0":"post-28251","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-teadusuudis","8":"tag-tulevikuenergia","9":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28251","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28251"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28251\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/28252"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28251"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28251"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28251"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}