{"id":46591,"date":"2015-01-30T12:02:08","date_gmt":"2015-01-30T09:02:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/?p=46591"},"modified":"2015-01-30T12:02:08","modified_gmt":"2015-01-30T09:02:08","slug":"charles-h-townes-28-07-1915-27-01-2015","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/?p=46591","title":{"rendered":"Charles H. Townes (28.07.1915 \u2013 27.01.2015)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_46593\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/952s.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46593\" class=\"wp-image-46593 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/952s-300x267.jpg\" alt=\"952s\" width=\"300\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/952s-300x267.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/952s.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-46593\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles H. Townes ja Arthur L. Schawlow<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Laserite t\u00e4htsust teaduses ja tehnoloogias on raske \u00fcle hinnata. Neil p\u00e4evil suri <span class=\"fields\">Charles H. Townes<\/span>, \u00fcks laseri loojatest.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fields\">Charles H. Townes on USA f\u00fc\u00fcsik, s\u00fcndinud Greenvilleys, L\u00f5una-Carolinas. Ta \u00f5ppis Furmani \u00fclikoolis (B.A. ja B.S. kraad 1935), Duke&#8217;i \u00fclikoolis (M.A. kraad 1937) ja Kalifornia Tehnoloogiainstituudis (PhD, 1939). L\u00f5petanud \u00f5pingud, sai ta t\u00f6\u00f6le firma <em>Bell Telephone <\/em>laboratooriumisse (1939-47). Sealt siirdus ta Columbia \u00fclikooli, 1948 dotsendiks ja 1950 professoriks. Seal t\u00f6\u00f6tas ta 1961. aastani. Columbias hakkab teda paeluma idee kasutada ammoniaagi molekule raadio mikrolainete v\u00f5imendamiseks ja genereerimiseks. Detsembris 1953 on tal koos oma \u00f5pilaste J.P.Gordoni ja H.J.Zeigeriga esimene sel p\u00f5him\u00f5ttel ehitatud riist, maser valmis ja t\u00f6\u00f6le rakendatud. 1956ndast aastast taaselustab ta sidemed Belli laboratooriumiga, asudes selle tehniliseks konsultandiks tahkismaserite valdkonnas. Seal kohtab ta Kanadast tulnud Arthur L.Schawlow&#8217;d, kellest hiljem saab tema \u00f5emees. M\u00f5lemad huvituvad maseri printsiibi (stimuleeritud kiirguse) rakendusv\u00f5imalustest valguse v\u00f5imendamiseks ja genereerimiseks, so laseri loomiseks. 1958 j\u00f5ulukuul ilmub ajakirjas <em>Physical Review<\/em> nende <a href=\"http:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pr\/pdf\/10.1103\/PhysRev.112.1940\">\u00fchisartikkel<\/a>, mis andis laseri teoreetilised alused. 1960. aastal saavad nad koos Schawlow&#8217;ga patendi laserile. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fields\">1964. aastal jagatakse Nobeli f\u00fc\u00fcsikapreemia Townesi ja venelaste Aleksander Prohhorovi ja Nikolai Bassovi vahel. Auhind m\u00e4\u00e4rati &#8220;fundamentaalsete t\u00f6\u00f6de eest kvantelektroonikas, mis viisid maseri\/laseri p\u00f5him\u00f5ttel t\u00f6\u00f6tavate generaatorite ja v\u00f5imendite ehitamisele&#8221;. 1959-61 oli ta USA valitsuse Kaitseanal\u00fc\u00fcside Instituudi asepresidendiks ja teadusdirektoriks. 1961-66 valitakse Townes Massachusettsi Tehnoloogiainstituudi f\u00fc\u00fcsikaprofessoriks ja \u00fchtlasi instituudi rektoriks. 1967-86 on Townes Berkeleys Kalifornia \u00fclikooli f\u00fc\u00fcsikaprofessor, edasi juba emeriitprofessor. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fields\">Berkeleys algatas ta raadio- ja infrapuna-astronoomia programmi, mille tulemuseks oli ammoniaagi ja veemolekulide avastamine t\u00e4htedevahelises ruumis ja kosmiliste veemolekulide leidmine raadiokiirguse lainel 1,35\u00a0cm (kosmiline maser). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fields\">Laseri s\u00fcnnilugu on pikemalt lahti kirjutatud Henn K\u00e4\u00e4mbre raamatus Laseriraamat, mille kavatseme valguse aasta puhul digiteerida ning e-raamatuna avaldada, t\u00e4iendades seda ka lugude uuema aja teadusest ja tehnoloogiast.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Laserite t\u00e4htsust teaduses ja tehnoloogias on raske \u00fcle hinnata. Neil p\u00e4evil suri Charles H. Townes, \u00fcks laseri loojatest. Charles H. Townes on USA f\u00fc\u00fcsik, s\u00fcndinud Greenvilleys, L\u00f5una-Carolinas. Ta \u00f5ppis Furmani \u00fclikoolis (B.A. ja B.S. kraad 1935), Duke&#8217;i \u00fclikoolis (M.A. kraad 1937) ja Kalifornia Tehnoloogiainstituudis (PhD, 1939). L\u00f5petanud \u00f5pingud, sai ta t\u00f6\u00f6le firma Bell Telephone laboratooriumisse [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46593,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-46591","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-arvamus-ja-inimesed","8":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46591"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46591\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/46593"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=46591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=46591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}