{"id":50278,"date":"2015-02-15T19:02:22","date_gmt":"2015-02-15T16:02:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/?p=50278"},"modified":"2015-02-18T20:54:26","modified_gmt":"2015-02-18T17:54:26","slug":"kuidas-avastada-higgsi-taringut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/?p=50278","title":{"rendered":"Miks on Higgs&#8217;i boson nagu t\u00e4ringud?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Higgsi bosoni avastamise aegu kirjutas Andi Hektor <a href=\"http:\/\/www.horisont.ee\/node\/1891\">Horisondis<\/a>: &#8220;Hurraa! M\u00f5\u00f5tmistulemused n\u00e4itavad, et uus ATLAS ja CMS m\u00f5\u00f5davad signaali olulisusega 5-sigma. Mhh, \u00fchmatab n\u00fc\u00fcd mitteosakestef\u00fc\u00fcsik! Mida see peaks t\u00e4hendama? Mitteosakestef\u00fc\u00fcsikute keeles t\u00e4hendab see t\u00f5en\u00e4osust umbes 1\/1000000, et tegu ei ole uue osakesega. Osakestef\u00fc\u00fcsikud on kokku leppinud, et sellist olukorda nimetatakse osakese avastuseks.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/run203602_evt82614360_VP1DetailID.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-50350\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/run203602_evt82614360_VP1DetailID-300x241.gif\" alt=\"run203602_evt82614360_VP1DetailID\" width=\"300\" height=\"241\" \/><\/a>Mis on see salap\u00e4rane 5-sigmat?<\/p>\n<p>Oletame, et teil on 60 t\u00e4ringut. Ainuke info, mis teile p\u00e4rast nende t\u00e4ringute veeretamist antakse on see, kui mitu neist andsid tulemuseks viie. Kuna iga t\u00e4ringut eraldi veeretades on viie saamise t\u00f5en\u00e4osus 1\/6, peaks te keskmiselt saama 10 viite igal veeretamisel. Aga kuna t\u00e4ringud k\u00e4ituvad juhuslikult, siis esimesel korral saate v\u00f5ib-olla \u00fcheksa, teisel korral 12 viite. Kui te j\u00e4tkate veeretamist, siis tulemused jaotuvad \u00fcmber keskv\u00e4\u00e4rtuse umbes nii nagu n\u00e4ha allpool oleval joonisel. Keskv\u00e4\u00e4rtus annab m\u00f5\u00f5tetulemuse, m\u00f5\u00f5tetulemuse t\u00e4psuse (v\u00e4\u00e4rtuse) m\u00f5\u00f5duks on standardh\u00e4lve ehk sigma (<em>\u03c3<\/em>). Mida kauem te veeretate, seda v\u00e4iksemaks j\u00e4\u00e4b standardh\u00e4lve (ja seda v\u00e4\u00e4rtuslikumaks muutub tulemus). P\u00e4rast piisavalt pikka katsetamist v\u00f5ite te n\u00e4iteks j\u00f5uda tulemuseni, et keskmine viite arv \u00fches veeratamises on 11, standardh\u00e4lbega <em>\u03c3<\/em>=0,2 (<a href=\"http:\/\/xn--pik-nna.fyysika.ee\/index.php\/book\/view\/17#genericSection241\">vaata ka e-\u00f5pikut<\/a>). Eeldatud tulemus on 10, aga katse n\u00e4itab suuremat tulemust olulisusega 5-sigmat (5 korda <em>\u03c3<\/em>, st 5*0,2). Ja p\u00e4rast seda v\u00f5ite te olla 99.9999% kindlad, et komplektis on \u00fcks ebausaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rne, arvatust teistmoodi k\u00e4ituv t\u00e4ring.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/5sigma1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-50351\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/5sigma1-300x180.png\" alt=\"5sigma1\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/5sigma1-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/5sigma1.png 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Kiirendites uurivad teadlased osakeste kokkup\u00f5rgetes tekkivaid uusi osakesi ja proovivad aru saada, mis toimub. P\u00f5rgetel tekib v\u00e4ga palju osakesi, aga vaid m\u00f5ned neist on teadlastele parajasti oluliste reaktsioonide tulemused, n\u00e4iteks s\u00fcndmustest, kus Higgs&#8217;i boson laguneb kaheks footoniks, millel on t\u00e4pselt teada olev energia. LHC salvestab miljonite osakeste p\u00f5rkumiste info ja loendab neid kordi, kus s\u00fcnnib kaks teada olevate energiatega footonit. Kui meie t\u00e4ringu eksperimendis me v\u00f5rdlesime oodatud tulemust (10) eksperimendi tulemusega (11), siis LHC loendab kahe footoni tekkimise s\u00fcndmusi ning v\u00f5rdleb seda ennustusega eeldusel, et Higgs&#8217;i bosonit ei ole olemas. Kui selliseid s\u00fcndmuseid on oodatust rohkem ning sellise tulemuse olulisus on v\u00e4hemalt 5 sigmat, siis on j\u00e4relduseks see, et Higgs&#8217;i boson t\u00f5epoolest olemas.<\/p>\n<p>Allikas: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.physics.org\/article-questions.asp?id=103\">http:\/\/www.physics.org<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Higgsi bosoni avastamise aegu kirjutas Andi Hektor Horisondis: &#8220;Hurraa! M\u00f5\u00f5tmistulemused n\u00e4itavad, et uus ATLAS ja CMS m\u00f5\u00f5davad signaali olulisusega 5-sigma. Mhh, \u00fchmatab n\u00fc\u00fcd mitteosakestef\u00fc\u00fcsik! Mida see peaks t\u00e4hendama? Mitteosakestef\u00fc\u00fcsikute keeles t\u00e4hendab see t\u00f5en\u00e4osust umbes 1\/1000000, et tegu ei ole uue osakesega. Osakestef\u00fc\u00fcsikud on kokku leppinud, et sellist olukorda nimetatakse osakese avastuseks.&#8221; Mis on see salap\u00e4rane [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":50350,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[49],"class_list":{"0":"post-50278","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-teadusuudis","8":"tag-lhc","9":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=50278"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50278\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/50350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=50278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=50278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=50278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}