{"id":65090,"date":"2015-03-16T20:31:30","date_gmt":"2015-03-16T17:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/?p=65090"},"modified":"2015-03-19T20:39:20","modified_gmt":"2015-03-19T17:39:20","slug":"miks-eestis-virmalisi-nonda-harva-naeb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/?p=65090","title":{"rendered":"Miks Eestis virmalisi n\u00f5nda harva n\u00e4eb?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_65092\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/3881581t100hb68a.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65092\" class=\"wp-image-65092 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/3881581t100hb68a-300x231.jpg\" alt=\"3881581t100hb68a\" width=\"300\" height=\"231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/3881581t100hb68a-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/3881581t100hb68a.jpg 648w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-65092\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foto: postimees.ee<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Virmalised ei ole kohalik n\u00e4htus, helendav ala v\u00f5ib olla mitmesaja kilomeetri k\u00f5rgune ja tuhandete kilomeetrite laiune, moodustades maakera pooluste \u00fcmber r\u00f5nga. Aga miks neid Eestis n\u00f5nda harva n\u00e4eb? Kuidas seletada virmaliste erinevaid v\u00e4rvusi?<\/p>\n<p>Virmaliste tekkimiseks tarvilike laetud osakeste allikaks on p\u00e4ikesepursked. P\u00e4ikesepursetes vabanenud osakesed liiguvad P\u00e4ikesest eemale kiirusega ca 400km\/s seda osakeste voogu nimetatakse p\u00e4ikesetuuleks. Maa magnetosf\u00e4\u00e4r suunab p\u00e4ikesetuult pooluste l\u00e4hedale, virmalised tekivad siis, kiired osakesed satuvad atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri ja p\u00f5rkuvad selle koostiseks olevate aatomite ja molekulidega.<\/p>\n<p>Lihtne on seletada valguse tekkimist ja selle erinevaid v\u00e4rve. Kui kiirelt liikuvad elektronid p\u00f5rkuvad aatomite ja molekulidega, siis nad ergastavad neid. Kui ergastus relakseerub, siis kiiratakse valgust. Virmalised ongi see kiiratav valgus (nii n\u00e4htav kui n\u00e4htamatu). Valguse v\u00e4rvus on juba tingitud konkreetsete aatomite omadustest <a href=\"http:\/\/opik.fyysika.ee\/index.php\/book\/view\/15#genericSection1501\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/icon_eopik.png\" alt=\"icon_eopik\" width=\"25\" height=\"21\" \/><\/a>. Rohelist valgust kiirgavad n\u00e4iteks hapniku aatomid ja roosat l\u00e4mmastiku aatomid. Valgus v\u00f5ib olla ka nii n\u00f5rk, et seda tajutakse taeva helendusena.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_65319\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Aurora_Australis.gif\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-65319\" class=\"wp-image-65319 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Aurora_australis_20050911-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Aurora_australis_20050911\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Aurora_australis_20050911-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Aurora_australis_20050911-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Aurora_australis_20050911.jpg 540w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-65319\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aurora australis (11 September 2005), agu seda n\u00e4gi NASA IMAGE satelliit. Virmaliste pilt on kokku sulatatud The Blue Marble&#8217;lt saadud maa kujutisega. Pildile vajutades avaneb animatsioon.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Keerulisem on lugu p\u00e4ikesetuule liikumise trajektooride, seega ka virmaliste esinemise kohtade ja virmaliste kujuga. Kui elektronid j\u00f5uavad maa magnetosf\u00e4\u00e4ri, siis maa magnetv\u00e4li hakkab elektrone nende muidu sirgjoonelisest trajektoorist k\u00f5rvale kallutama. Kallutavat j\u00f5udu nimetatakse Lorentzi j\u00f5uks ja sellest on omajagu p\u00f5hjalikult juttu g\u00fcmnaasiumi f\u00fc\u00fcsikakursuses <a href=\"http:\/\/opik.fyysika.ee\/index.php\/book\/view\/15#genericSection1447\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/icon_eopik.png\" alt=\"icon_eopik\" width=\"25\" height=\"21\" \/><\/a>. Tulemuseks on see, et elektronid liiguvad m\u00f6\u00f6da maa magnetv\u00e4lja koonduvaid j\u00f5ujooni ja satuvad seet\u00f5ttu k\u00fcllaltki kitsasse piirkonda pooluste l\u00e4hedal (vt maa magnetosf\u00e4\u00e4ri pilti allpool).\u00a0 Tuleb aga \u00f6elda, et selline lihtne seletus ennustab palju ulatuslikumaid virmaliste esinemise piirkondi kui need, mida reaalselt vaadeldakse (vt animatsiooni). T\u00e4psemate mudelite v\u00e4ljat\u00f6\u00f6tamisega tegeletakse.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/5648_Magnetosf22r.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-65357 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/5648_Magnetosf22r-1024x784.jpg\" alt=\"5648_Magnetosf22r\" width=\"1024\" height=\"784\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/5648_Magnetosf22r-1024x784.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/5648_Magnetosf22r-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/5648_Magnetosf22r.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Virmalised ei ole kohalik n\u00e4htus, helendav ala v\u00f5ib olla mitmesaja kilomeetri k\u00f5rgune ja tuhandete kilomeetrite laiune, moodustades maakera pooluste \u00fcmber r\u00f5nga. Aga miks neid Eestis n\u00f5nda harva n\u00e4eb? Kuidas seletada virmaliste erinevaid v\u00e4rvusi? Virmaliste tekkimiseks tarvilike laetud osakeste allikaks on p\u00e4ikesepursked. P\u00e4ikesepursetes vabanenud osakesed liiguvad P\u00e4ikesest eemale kiirusega ca 400km\/s seda osakeste voogu nimetatakse p\u00e4ikesetuuleks. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":65092,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[37,184],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-65090","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-eestist-endast","8":"category-valguse-aasta-2015","9":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65090","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=65090"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65090\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/65092"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=65090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=65090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=65090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}