{"id":845,"date":"2007-12-31T12:59:45","date_gmt":"2007-12-31T09:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wordpress\/?p=845"},"modified":"2010-03-29T09:45:32","modified_gmt":"2010-03-29T06:45:32","slug":"kummalised-kulmad-ained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/?p=845","title":{"rendered":"Kummalised k\u00fclmad ained"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n<strong>USA teadlaste katse selgitab Bose-Einsteini kondensaatoleku ja &uuml;livoolavuse seoseid.<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\nAbsoluutse nulli l&auml;hedastel temperatuuridel esineb mitmetel ainetel h&auml;mmastavaid omadusi &#8211; &uuml;lijuhtivus (Wikipedia: <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Superconductivity\">Superconductivity<\/a>) kujutab endast elektronide nn. Cooperi paaride takistamatut kulgu aines, st. olematut elektritakistust. Ent takistamatult liikuda saavad mitte ainult elektronid, vaid ka terved aatomid, sel juhul tuntakse n&auml;htust &uuml;livoolavusena (Wikipedia: <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Superfluidity\">Superfluidity<\/a>). Nendega seotud, ent mitte &uuml;heselt identne olek on Bose-Einsteini kondensaat (Wikipedia: <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bose-Einstein_condensate\">Bose-Einstein Condensate<\/a>), kus mingi hulk osakesi on k&otilde;ik samas kvantolekus. Seoseid Bose-Einsteini kondensaadi ja &uuml;livoolava oleku vahel selgitasid USA teadlased Rahvusliku Standardite ja Tehnoloogiate Instituudi (National Institute of Standards and Technology) aatomf&uuml;&uuml;sika osakonnast, kes kasutasid oma katses naatriumiaatomite vangistamiseks laserite abil tekitatud toroidaalset (s&otilde;&otilde;rikukujulist) potentsiaali, mille keskmise muhu k&otilde;rgust sai katse k&auml;igus sujuvalt muuta.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/pildid\/311207.jpg\" \/><em>Toroidaalne potentsiaal<br \/>\n<\/em><br \/>\nIlmnes, et vool on stabiilne vaid piisava muhu k&otilde;rguse korral, t&auml;psemalt, kui potentsiaali kuju on mitmelisidus, ja seda isegi siis, kui &uuml;livoolavas faasis on vaid 20% ainest. &Uuml;helisidusas potentsiaalibarj&auml;&auml;ris tekkivad &uuml;livoolavad keerised seevastu hajuvad juba v&auml;ga v&auml;ikeste soojuslike h&auml;irituste m&otilde;jul. T&ouml;&ouml; loomuliku j&auml;tkuna on teadlastel kavas tulevikus uurida &uuml;livoolavuse stabiilsust keerukama kujuga potentsiaalides.<\/p>\n<p>Allikas:      <a href=\"http:\/\/link.aps.org\/abstract\/PRL\/v99\/e260401\">Phys. Rev. Lett. <strong>99<\/strong>, 260401<\/a><br \/>\nToimetas Erik Randla<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>USA teadlaste katse selgitab Bose-Einsteini kondensaatoleku ja &uuml;livoolavuse seoseid. Absoluutse nulli l&auml;hedastel temperatuuridel esineb mitmetel ainetel h&auml;mmastavaid omadusi &#8211; &uuml;lijuhtivus (Wikipedia: Superconductivity) kujutab endast elektronide nn. Cooperi paaride takistamatut kulgu aines, st. olematut elektritakistust. Ent takistamatult liikuda saavad mitte ainult elektronid, vaid ka terved aatomid, sel juhul tuntakse n&auml;htust &uuml;livoolavusena (Wikipedia: Superfluidity). Nendega seotud, ent [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-845","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-teadusuudis","7":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/845","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=845"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/845\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=845"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=845"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}