{"id":85788,"date":"2015-05-23T23:55:11","date_gmt":"2015-05-23T20:55:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/?p=85788"},"modified":"2015-05-23T23:59:03","modified_gmt":"2015-05-23T20:59:03","slug":"mitu-olekut-on-ainel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/?p=85788","title":{"rendered":"Mitu olekut on ainel?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Rahvusvaheline teadlaste t\u00f6\u00f6r\u00fchm uuris rubiidiumiga dopeeritud fullereeni (C<sub>60<\/sub>) ja avastas sellel ainel senin\u00e4gematu metallilise oleku. Erinevate meetoditega tehtud m\u00f5\u00f5tmised n\u00e4itavad, et selles olekus on ainel olemas nii elektrijuhile kui ka dielektrikule (mittejuhile) iseloomulikud omadused. Teadlased nimetasid uue oleku Jahn-Telleri metalliks. T\u00f6\u00f6 v\u00f5eti ette kupraatide jt ebaharilike \u00fclijuhtide \u00fclijuhtivusmehhanismide paremaks m\u00f5istmiseks.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/PW-2015-05-06-Johnston-fullerides.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-87244\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/PW-2015-05-06-Johnston-fullerides-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"PW-2015-05-06-Johnston-fullerides\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/PW-2015-05-06-Johnston-fullerides-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/PW-2015-05-06-Johnston-fullerides-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/PW-2015-05-06-Johnston-fullerides.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Juuresolevalt pildilt peaks meile meelde tulema, mis on fullereen (need jalgpalli meenutavad 60 s\u00fcsiniku aatomist koosnevad molekulid), samuti selgitama, mis on dopeerimine (sinised t\u00e4pid fullereeni molekulide vahel on molekulid, millega fullereeni on dopeeritud). Tseesiumi molekulidega dopeeritud fullereeni Cs<sub>3<\/sub>C<sub>60<\/sub> on uuritud peaaegu 20 aastat, n\u00fc\u00fcd siis rubiidium.<\/p>\n<p>Sellise varieerimise motiive \u00f5nnestub ehk aimata, kui tuletame meelde, et aatomite ja molekulide tuumad on \u00fcmbritsetud teatud kuju ja suurusega elektronpilvega <a href=\"http:\/\/opik.fyysika,ee\/index.php\/book\/view\/32#genericSection1611\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/icon_eopik.png\" alt=\"icon_eopik\" width=\"20\" height=\"17\" \/><\/a>. Ehk tuleb meile meelde ka see, et elektrijuhtivuse p\u00f5hjuseks on just elektronid. Ja et ka \u00fclijuhtivuse korral r\u00e4\u00e4gitakse just elektronide ise\u00e4ralikust k\u00e4itumisest. Rubiidiumi molekulid on v\u00e4iksemad kui tseesiumi molekulid, sestap paigutuvad fullereeni molekulid \u00fcksteisele l\u00e4hemale ja tihedamalt koos on ka nende elektronpilved. P\u00f5nevad omadused on ka fullereeni molekulidel endil &#8211; neis tingimustes muutuvad nad lapikuks, rohkem ragbi palli sarnaseks.<\/p>\n<p>Muide, teadlased nimetavad sellist olukorda keemiliseks r\u00f5huks.<\/p>\n<p>Nii et elektronpilvede omaduste uurimiseks uudse nurga alt peaks selline aine igati sobilik ja lootustandev olema.<\/p>\n<p>Eksperimentide tulemusena avastasid teadlased uue aine oleku, kus aine on \u00fchtaegu nii juhi ja mittejuhi omadustega. Loodetavasti hakatakse seel\u00e4bi ka paremini aru saama, misp\u00e4rast kupraadid on nii k\u00f5rgel temperatuuril \u00fclijuhtivas olekus.<\/p>\n<p>Allikad:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/physicsworld.com\/cws\/article\/news\/2015\/may\/06\/new-state-of-matter-found-in-crystal-made-from-buckyballs\">http:\/\/physicsworld.com\/cws\/article\/news\/2015\/may\/06\/new-state-of-matter-found-in-crystal-made-from-buckyballs<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/advances.sciencemag.org\/content\/1\/3\/e1500059.full-text.pdf+html\">http:\/\/advances.sciencemag.org\/content\/1\/3\/e1500059.full-text.pdf+html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rahvusvaheline teadlaste t\u00f6\u00f6r\u00fchm uuris rubiidiumiga dopeeritud fullereeni (C60) ja avastas sellel ainel senin\u00e4gematu metallilise oleku. Erinevate meetoditega tehtud m\u00f5\u00f5tmised n\u00e4itavad, et selles olekus on ainel olemas nii elektrijuhile kui ka dielektrikule (mittejuhile) iseloomulikud omadused. Teadlased nimetasid uue oleku Jahn-Telleri metalliks. T\u00f6\u00f6 v\u00f5eti ette kupraatide jt ebaharilike \u00fclijuhtide \u00fclijuhtivusmehhanismide paremaks m\u00f5istmiseks. Juuresolevalt pildilt peaks meile meelde [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":87244,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[157],"class_list":{"0":"post-85788","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-teadusuudis","8":"tag-ulijuhid","9":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=85788"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85788\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/87244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=85788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=85788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fyysika.ee\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=85788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}