NASA’s Cassini spacecraft has found deep, steep-sided canyons on Saturn’s moon Titan that are flooded with liquid hydrocarbons.
Cassini Finds Flooded Canyons on Titan
NASA’s Cassini spacecraft has found deep, steep-sided canyons on Saturn’s moon Titan that are flooded with liquid hydrocarbons.
Possible “Magnéli” Phases and Self-Alloying in the Superconducting Sulfur Hydride
Author(s): Ryosuke Akashi, Wataru Sano, Ryotaro Arita, and Shinji TsuneyukiThe emergence of an infinite number of metastable crystal phases may play a role in the high-pressure superconducting phase transition of sulfur hydride according to new ab init…
Humanity may not need a warp drive to go interstellar
Here are a few ways that humanity may be able to leave the cradle of Earth.
NASA releases over 1,000 new images of the Red Planet
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) sent 1,035 photos of Mars back to Earth.
Titan’s canyons are flooded with methane
Saturn’s largest moon is beginning to look more and more like a bizarro Earth.
Shiny on the outside
Technology image of the week: the blankets of multi-layer insulation that make satellites look like wrapped-up Christmas gifts
Development and validation of the photoelectric effect concept inventory
This study aims to develop a multiple-choice instrument for determining students’ concepts about the
photoelectric effect. To develop the instrument, 30 students taking the Modern Physics course were
interviewed to determine their misconceptions ab…
Symmetry of the Lorentz boost: the relativity of colocality and Lorentz time contraction
Since the Lorentz boost is symmetric under exchange of x and ct , special relativistic phenomena
will also manifest this symmetry. Firstly, simultaneity becomes paired with ‘colocality’ (‘at the
same place’), and the ‘Relativity of Colocali…
Projectile motion of a once rotating object: physical quantities at the point of return
Vertical circular motion is a widely used example to explain non-uniform circular motion in most
undergraduate general physics textbooks. However, most of these textbooks do not elaborate on the
case when this motion turns into projectile motion unde…
Follow instructions
Human spaceflight and robotic exploration image of the week: testing new version of astronaut instruction manual underwater
Frozen Impacted Drop: From Fragmentation to Hierarchical Crack Patterns
Author(s): Elisabeth Ghabache, Christophe Josserand, and Thomas Séon
Water droplets impacting a cold surface exhibit a variety of fracture patterns depending on the temperature of the surface.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 074501] Published Tue Aug 09, 2016
Astronomers Without Borders eclipse campaign promotes STEM education in Africa
From our friends at Astronomers Without Borders.
The most mysterious star in the galaxy doubles down on its mystique
New research points to Tabby’s Star dimming immensely over a four year time period.
Touch on climate
Discover our planet’s changing climate through the eyes of satellites with Climate from Space, a new iPad App featuring interactive maps and video interviews with top scientists
Aerodynamics in the amusement park: interpreting sensor data for acceleration and rotation
The sky roller ride depends on interaction with the air to create a rolling motion. In this paper,
we analyse forces, torque and angular velocities during different parts of the ride, combining a
theoretical analysis, with photos, videos as well as w…
NuSTAR Principal Investigator Honored for Research
Fiona Harrison, principal investigator of NASA’s NuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array) mission, has been selected to receive the 2016 Massey Award, given by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR).
NuSTAR Principal Investigator Honored for Research
Fiona Harrison, principal investigator of NASA’s NuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array) mission, has been selected to receive the 2016 Massey Award, given by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR).
Splashup
Ending 16 days underwater to simulate a space mission
Two years on
Rosetta celebrates two incredible years at the comet
Three-Dimensional Icosahedral Phase Field Quasicrystal
Author(s): P. Subramanian, A. J. Archer, E. Knobloch, and A. M. Rucklidge
A 3D phase field crystal model is used to explore the formation and stability of icosahedral quasicrystals. The mechanisms that stabilize 2D quasicrystals also play a role in this 3D system.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 075501] Published Mon Aug 08, 2016
Searches for Sterile Neutrinos with the IceCube Detector
Author(s): M. G. Aartsen et al. (IceCube Collaboration)
A search for sterile neutrinos with the IceCube detector has found no evidence for the hypothetical particles, significantly narrowing the range of masses that a new kind of neutrino could possibly have.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 071801] Published Mon Aug 08, 2016
Mercury has been inactive for a long time
Researchers find that volcanic activity ended approximately 3.5 billion years ago on Mercury.
How long is a day on the Sun?
The easiest answer is, it depends.
When did the lights turn on in the universe?
The universe lived through a prolonged “Dark Ages” until hydrogen reionized. Now, researchers are closer to figuring out when that happened.
Gender and physics: a sociological approach
In this paper, I take a sociological approach to understanding the under-representation of gender
and physics. I argue that gender is something we do not something that we are. Thus, every aspect of
our behaviour, including our engagement (or not) wi…
Air density measurement with a falling A4 sheet
We propose a simple experiment on the air density measurement which does not require any special
equipment: just an A4 sheet of paper, a stopwatch and a ruler. The discussed method uses the most
basic air resistance model.
The Carnot cycle and the teaching of thermodynamics: a historical approach
The Carnot cycle is a topic that is traditionally present in introductory physics courses dedicated
to the teaching of thermodynamics, playing an essential role in introducing the concept of Entropy
and the consequent formulation of the second Law. I…
Particle physics for primary schools—enthusing future physicists
In recent years, the realisation that children make decisions and choices about subjects they like
in primary school, became widely understood. For this reason academic establishments focus some of
their public engagement activities towards the young…
Exploring electrical resistance: a novel kinesthetic model helps to resolve some misconceptions
A simple ‘hands on’ physical model is described which displays analogous behaviour to some aspects
of the free electron theory of metals. Using it students can get a real feel for what is going on
inside a metallic conductor. Ohms Law, the temper…
Microwave Realization of the Gaussian Symplectic Ensemble
Author(s): A. Rehemanjiang, M. Allgaier, C. H. Joyner, S. Müller, M. Sieber, U. Kuhl, and H.-J. Stöckmann
A circuit of microwave cavities exhibiting chaotic dynamics and antiunitary symmetry is demonstrated. This is the first experimental observation of a Gaussian symplectic ensemble, one of the three classical matrix ensembles.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 064101] Published Fri Aug 05, 2016
Measurement of the CP Asymmetry in B_{s}^{0} −B [over ¯] _{s}^{0} Mixing
Author(s): R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration)The rate difference between two CP-conjugate decays of bottom-strange mesons shows no sign of deviation from the Standard Model, in contrast to a previous hint.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 061803] Published Fri A…
Detecting Gravitational-Wave Memory with LIGO: Implications of GW150914
Author(s): Paul D. Lasky, Eric Thrane, Yuri Levin, Jonathan Blackman, and Yanbei Chen
A theoretical analysis suggests that advanced LIGO may be able to detect gravitational wave memory–permanent distortion of spacetime due to nonlinear effects predicted by general relativity–when it operates at its design sensitivity.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 061102] Published Fri Aug 05, 2016
Perseid meteor shower set for its best show in nearly 20 years
You can expect to see up to 150 ‘shooting stars’ per hour when 2016’s best meteor shower peaks the night of August 11/12.
Ancient evaporating lakes formed veins on Mars
Martian veins at Yellowknife Bay at Gale Crater are evidence of ancient water on the Red Planet.
This ESA video shows how hard it is to orbit a comet
Rosetta was a rousing success. Here’s why that was quite an accomplishment.
Week In Images
Our week through the lens: 1-5 August 2016
Comet odyssey

Animation visualising Rosetta’s two-year adventure flying alongside a comet
Understanding zero-point energy in the context of classical electromagnetism
Today’s textbooks of electromagnetism give the particular solution to Maxwell’s equations involving
the integral over the charge and current sources at retarded times. However, the texts fail to
emphasise that the choice of the incoming-wave boun…
Revealing a quantum feature of dimensionless uncertainty in linear and quadratic potentials by changing potential intervals
As an undergraduate exercise, in an article (2012 Am. J. Phys. 80
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4720101] 780–14 ), quantum and classical uncertainties for
dimensionless variables of position and momentum were evaluated in three potentials: infinite …
The rain-powered cart
A frictionless cart in the shape of a right triangle (with the vertical side forward) is elastically
impacted by vertically falling raindrops. The speed of the cart as a function of time can be
analytically deduced as an exercise in the use of trigon…
NASA Rover Game Released for Curiosity’s Anniversary
Nearing the fourth anniversary of Curiosity landing on Mars, the rover works on collecting a 17th sample, while Earthlings can play a new social media game about Mars exploration.
Study Maps Hidden Water Pollution in U.S. Coastal Areas
A new study finds coastal waters and water supplies along a fifth of U.S. coasts are vulnerable to pollution from hidden underground water transfers between oceans and land.
Astronomers Catalog Planets That May Be Earthlike
Using public data collected by NASA’s Kepler mission, astronomers have catalogued the planet candidates that may be similar to our third rock from the sun.
Study Maps Hidden Water Pollution in U.S. Coastal Areas
A new study finds coastal waters and water supplies along a fifth of U.S. coasts are vulnerable to pollution from hidden underground water transfers between oceans and land.
NASA Rover Game Released for Curiosity’s Anniversary
Nearing the fourth anniversary of Curiosity landing on Mars, the rover works on collecting a 17th sample, while Earthlings can play a new social media game about Mars exploration.
Here’s how we might survive the destruction of Earth
Neal Stephenson is here to tell you about preparing for the biggest emergency.
The first private spaceflight company is cleared for a moon landing
A private spaceflight company, Moon Express, received approval to land on the Moon.
What’s Inside Ceres? New Findings from Gravity Data
A new study suggests Ceres has a weak interior, and that water and other light materials separated from rock during a heating phase early in its history.
NASA Maps Thawed Areas Under Greenland Ice Sheet
NASA has helped produce the first map of thawing at the bottom of the Greenland Ice Sheet — key information in better predicting how it will react to a warming climate.
NASA Maps Thawed Areas Under Greenland Ice Sheet
NASA has helped produce the first map of thawing at the bottom of the Greenland Ice Sheet — key information in better predicting how it will react to a warming climate.
What’s Inside Ceres? New Findings from Gravity Data
A new study suggests Ceres has a weak interior, and that water and other light materials separated from rock during a heating phase early in its history.
Dawn got a peak at why lies beneath Ceres’ surface
A new study reveals what lies deep inside the dwarf planet, Ceres.
Io has a unique collapsing atmosphere
Jupiter’s closest moon, Io, has an atmosphere that collapses when it is eclipsed by the gas giant.
Trying on a coat

Technology image of the week: candidate coatings for a new space antenna seen undergoing testing at ESA’s technical heart
Computations in quantum mechanics made easy
Convenient and simple numerical techniques for performing quantum computations based on matrix
representations of Hilbert space operators are presented and illustrated by various examples. The
applications include the calculations of spectral and dyn…
NASA Spacecraft Views Huge Burn Area in LA’s Backyard
A new image from a NASA spacecraft shows the area burned in the Sand Fire near Los Angeles.
NASA Spacecraft Views Huge Burn Area in LA’s Backyard
A new image from a NASA spacecraft shows the area burned in the Sand Fire near Los Angeles.
Aladin wind probe ready for Aeolus

It has been years in the making, but one of the trickiest pieces of space technology ever developed is finally ready to join its satellite for launch by the end of next year. With this milestone, we are another step closer to a better understanding of Earth’s winds.
Astronomers found a large void of young stars in the Milky Way
There is a surprising lack of Cepheid Variable stars in the center of our Milky Way galaxy.
Could life on Earth have occurred prematurely?
A new study suggests that present-day life appeared early.
Distant hissing tells of a famous exploded star’s past
Radio astronomy reveals millions of years of the supernova remnant 1987A’s life.
Maybe black holes really can destroy the world
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) really could kill us all from light-years away, but don’t fret too hard yet.
Juno is at a crossroads as it prepares to finish a capture orbit
The spacecraft will soon get to test its instruments before its science phase begins.
How does Mars rover Curiosity’s new AI system work?
NASA upgraded Curiosity with computer vision, letting it choose interesting rocks on its own.
Majestic solar eruption
Space science image of the week: A gigantic loop of fiery gas reaches out into space
Uncovering what lies beneath
A key feature of the James Webb Space Telescope is helping to shed light on what goes on underneath boats in stormy weather and around the structures of offshore oilrigs.
Preparation of graphite conductive paint and its application to the construction of RC circuits on paper
We describe a simple procedure for the preparation of graphite-based conductive paint and determine
its basic transport properties when applied, comparing them to those of pencil strokes. Ohm’s law
was fulfilled on the applied paint, which makes it…
Mars Gullies Likely Not Formed by Liquid Water
New findings using data from NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter show that gullies on modern Mars are likely not being formed by flowing liquid water.
Five Years Post-Launch, Juno Is at a Turning Point
Five years after departing Earth, and a month after slipping into orbit around Jupiter, NASA’s Juno spacecraft is nearing a turning point.
Five Years Post-Launch, Juno Is at a Turning Point
Five years after departing Earth, and a month after slipping into orbit around Jupiter, NASA’s Juno spacecraft is nearing a turning point.
Mars Gullies Likely Not Formed by Liquid Water
New findings using data from NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter show that gullies on modern Mars are likely not being formed by flowing liquid water.
Berry Phase in Lattice QCD
Author(s): Arata YamamotoThe Berry phase of a single fermion wave function in two spatial dimensions is calculated using lattice field theory.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 052001] Published Fri Jul 29, 2016
Week In Images
Our week through the lens: 25-29 July 2016
The scratches on Mars’ surface were not made by water’s harsh touch
Liquid water was likely not the culprit for forming the gullies on Mars.
Black holes sing, but only in X-ray
Astronomers have finally found evidence of “high-pitched” singing black holes.
This team hopes to find “another Earth” around Alpha Centauri
A project dedicated to answering the question, are we alone in the universe?
‘From the cat’s point of view’: upper secondary physics students’ reflections on Schrödinger’s thought experiment
The thought experiment ‘Schrödinger’s cat’ exposes fundamental dilemmas in how we interpret quantum
physics, and has a potential for deepening students’ understanding of this part of modern physics,
including its philosophical consequences. …
Corrigendum: Basic ideas and concepts in hot wire anemometry: an experimental approach for introductory physics students (2016 Phys. Educ . 51 015008)
Description unavailable
An investigation into the effectiveness of smartphone experiments on students’ conceptual knowledge about acceleration
This study is a first attempt to investigate effectiveness of smartphone-based activities on
students’ conceptual understanding of acceleration. 143 secondary school students (15–16 years old)
were involved in two types of activities: smartphone-…
Chorus of Black Holes Sings in X-Rays
Supermassive black holes in the universe are like a raucous choir singing in the language of X-rays. When black holes pull in surrounding matter, they let out powerful X-ray bursts.
Chorus of Black Holes Sings in X-Rays
Supermassive black holes in the universe are like a raucous choir singing in the language of X-rays. When black holes pull in surrounding matter, they let out powerful X-ray bursts.
How are comets born?
Rosetta paints comets as ancient leftovers of the early Solar System, not young fragments born from collisions
How to Reach a Thousand-Second in-Plane Polarization Lifetime with 0.97−GeV/c Deuterons in a Storage Ring
Author(s): G. Guidoboni et al. (JEDI Collaboration)Researchers set a new record for the in-plane spin-alignment lifetime of deuterons circulating in a magnetic storage ring.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 054801] Published Thu Jul 28, 2016
How to Reach a Thousand-Second in-Plane Polarization Lifetime with 0.97−GeV/c Deuterons in a Storage Ring
Author(s): G. Guidoboni et al. (JEDI Collaboration)Researchers set a new record for the in-plane spin-alignment lifetime of deuterons circulating in a magnetic storage ring.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 054801] Published Thu Jul 28, 2016
Mission controllers
Operations image of the week: A happy mission control team at ESA just after ExoMars completed its first deep-space engine firing en route to the Red Planet
Earth from Space

Join us Friday, 29 July, at 10:00 CEST for the ‘Earth from Space’ video programme. This week features a Sentinel-2A image of northeastern Iran
How to see the Delta Aquariid meteor shower
Head out under a clear, dark sky after midnight these next couple of nights and you’ll see a dramatic display of “shooting stars.”
This supernova exploded not once, but twice
Astronomers find a superluminous supernova that seems to have exploded twice.
Cosmic rays may have left Apollo astronauts with weaker hearts
A new study suggests that exposure to deep space made its mark on those that went to the Moon.
Tumeaine osake jäi ka seekord detekteerimata
Kosmoloogia ütleb, et galaktikate tekkimise ja evolutsiooni seletamiseks peab 80% Universumi ainest olema tumeaine. Tumeaine ei mõjuta kuidagi valgust, nii et tumeainet ei saa näha (sellest ka nimi). Tumeaine tekitab gravitatsiooni. Osakestefüüsikud üritavad leida osakest, millest tumeaine koosneb. Seni edutult, sest neil päevil oma töö lõpetanud LUX tumeaine detektor ei suutnud detekteerida nõrgalt interakteeruvaid massiivseid osakesi […]
Engine burn gives Mars mission a kick

Following a lengthy firing of its powerful engine this morning, ESA’s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter is on track to arrive at the Red Planet in October.
Bimetal switches in an AND logic gate
In this frontline, we use bimetal switches to provide inputs in an electrical AND logic gate. These
switches can be obtained from the pre-heat starters of fluorescent lamps, by safely removing the
glass enclosure. They may be activated by small open …
Comment about the use of Monte-Carlo methodology for the representation of atomic electronic densities
Representations of atomic orbitals based on Monte-Carlo (MC) approaches are not always correct when
using various sets of orthogonal coordinates other than Cartesian coordinates. The analysis proposed
here gives elements for a proper use of MC method…
Loneliest Young Star Seen by Spitzer and WISE
Alone on the cosmic road, far from any known celestial object, a young, independent star is going through a tremendous growth spurt.
Loneliest Young Star Seen by Spitzer and WISE
Alone on the cosmic road, far from any known celestial object, a young, independent star is going through a tremendous growth spurt.
Sand and sea
The Sentinel-3A satellite recently caught this image of a dust storm blowing east across the Red Sea
A young star is living out a growth spurt far from any other objects
A juvenile, independent star is going through a long-lived outburst.
Something below Jupiter’s Great Red Spot whips up temperatures hotter than the rest of the planet
For decades, the mystery has kept researchers scratching their heads. Now, we may find an answer.
Violent white dwarf lashes its stellar companion with intense radiation
A strange new type of binary star system has been found with terrible manners.
