Author(s): Edmund J. Copeland, Paul M. Saffin, and Shuang-Yong Zhou
In nonlinear field theories with Q-ball (non-topological soliton) solutions, towers of composite Q-ball solutions exist, where positive and negative charges within a Q-ball can swap positions with each other.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 231603] Published Tue Dec 02, 2014