Astronomers have watched as a massive, dying star was likely reborn as a black hole.
NASA Discovers a New Mode of Ice Loss in Greenland
A NASA study finds during Greenland’s two hottest summers on record, ice in Rink Glacier didn’t just melt faster, it slid through the glacier’s interior in a gigantic wave.
Testing General Relativity with Stellar Orbits around the Supermassive Black Hole in Our Galactic Center
Author(s): A. Hees, T. Do, A. M. Ghez, G. D. Martinez, S. Naoz, E. E. Becklin, A. Boehle, S. Chappell, D. Chu, A. Dehghanfar, K. Kosmo, J. R. Lu, K. Matthews, M. R. Morris, S. Sakai, R. Schödel, and G. Witzel
Observations of the orbits of two stars at the center of the Milky Way constrain gravitational models involving a hypothetical fifth force.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 211101] Published Thu May 25, 2017
Testing General Relativity with Stellar Orbits around the Supermassive Black Hole in Our Galactic Center
Author(s): A. Hees, T. Do, A. M. Ghez, G. D. Martinez, S. Naoz, E. E. Becklin, A. Boehle, S. Chappell, D. Chu, A. Dehghanfar, K. Kosmo, J. R. Lu, K. Matthews, M. R. Morris, S. Sakai, R. Schödel, and G. Witzel
Observations of the orbits of two stars at the center of the Milky Way constrain gravitational models involving a hypothetical fifth force.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 211101] Published Thu May 25, 2017
Earth from Space

Join us Friday, 26 May, at 10:00 CEST for the ‘Earth from Space’ video programme
A star turned into a black hole before Hubble’s very eyes
Bye bye supernove
Juno results offer tantalizing hints of Jupiter’s secrets
The first results from Juno’s brush with Jupiter reveal swarms of cyclones, massive ammonia plumes and complex interactions between a turbulent magnetic field and powerful streams of electrons. The findings are published today in Scienceand Geophysical Research Letters.
The Juno team is still sifting through the massive piles of data the probe is sending back from the gas giant. Since arriving last year, the probe has begun to study the composition and internal structure of Jupiter. We&rs
25 things to bring to the eclipse
You know to bring eclipse glasses and a camera, but here are some things you will also want to bring along.
The bottle flip challenge demystified: where is the centre of mass?
Bodies can have very weird trajectories when tossed into the air. The amazing motion of a water
bottle flip is qualitatively described as related to the position of the centre of mass (CM) with
respect to the body’s frame of reference. Although thi…
Creating drag and lift curves from soccer trajectories
Trajectory analysis is an alternative to using wind tunnels to measure a soccer ball’s aerodynamic
properties. It has advantages over wind tunnel testing such as being more representative of game
play. However, previous work has not presented a met…
Interferometry of binary stars using polymer optical fibres
We show a laboratory experiment in which students can learn the use of interferometry as a valuable
tool in astronomy. We detail experiments based on the use of the classic Michelson stellar
interferometer able to reproduce the size of single stars a…
Interferometry of binary stars using polymer optical fibres
We show a laboratory experiment in which students can learn the use of interferometry as a valuable
tool in astronomy. We detail experiments based on the use of the classic Michelson stellar
interferometer able to reproduce the size of single stars a…
Creating drag and lift curves from soccer trajectories
Trajectory analysis is an alternative to using wind tunnels to measure a soccer ball’s aerodynamic
properties. It has advantages over wind tunnel testing such as being more representative of game
play. However, previous work has not presented a met…
The bottle flip challenge demystified: where is the centre of mass?
Bodies can have very weird trajectories when tossed into the air. The amazing motion of a water
bottle flip is qualitatively described as related to the position of the centre of mass (CM) with
respect to the body’s frame of reference. Although thi…
Cassini Looks on as Solstice Arrives at Saturn
NASA’s veteran Cassini spacecraft has reached a new milestone as of today: Saturnian solstice.
Cassini Looks on as Solstice Arrives at Saturn
NASA’s veteran Cassini spacecraft has reached a new milestone as of today: Saturnian solstice.
NASA Moves Up Launch of Psyche Mission to a Metal Asteroid
Psyche, NASA’s mission to a unique metal asteroid, has moved up one year, with launch in the summer of 2022, and a planned arrival at the main belt asteroid in 2026.
NASA Moves Up Launch of Psyche Mission to a Metal Asteroid
Psyche, NASA’s mission to a unique metal asteroid, has moved up one year, with launch in the summer of 2022, and a planned arrival at the main belt asteroid in 2026.
Solid-State Source of Nonclassical Photon Pairs with Embedded Multimode Quantum Memory
Author(s): Kutlu Kutluer, Margherita Mazzera, and Hugues de RiedmattenCrystals with rare-earth ions could lead to quantum repeaters that enable secure quantum communications over long distances.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 210502] Published Wed May 24, 2017
Multimode and Long-Lived Quantum Correlations Between Photons and Spins in a Crystal
Author(s): Cyril Laplane, Pierre Jobez, Jean Etesse, Nicolas Gisin, and Mikael AfzeliusCrystals with rare-earth ions could lead to quantum repeaters that enable secure quantum communications over long distances.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 210501] Published …
Solid-State Source of Nonclassical Photon Pairs with Embedded Multimode Quantum Memory
Author(s): Kutlu Kutluer, Margherita Mazzera, and Hugues de RiedmattenCrystals with rare-earth ions could lead to quantum repeaters that enable secure quantum communications over long distances.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 210502] Published Wed May 24, 2017
Multimode and Long-Lived Quantum Correlations Between Photons and Spins in a Crystal
Author(s): Cyril Laplane, Pierre Jobez, Jean Etesse, Nicolas Gisin, and Mikael AfzeliusCrystals with rare-earth ions could lead to quantum repeaters that enable secure quantum communications over long distances.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 210501] Published …
Schiaparelli landing investigation completed
The inquiry into the crash-landing of the ExoMars Schiaparelli module has concluded that conflicting information in the onboard computer caused the descent sequence to end prematurely.
Schiaparelli landing investigation completed
The inquiry into the crash-landing of the ExoMars Schiaparelli module has concluded that conflicting information in the onboard computer caused the descent sequence to end prematurely.
Mirror, mirror
![]()
Technology image of the week: a lightweight, silicon carbide mirror for space, under thermal vacuum–testing
Mirror, mirror
![]()
Technology image of the week: a lightweight, silicon carbide mirror for space, under thermal vacuum–testing
Sentinel-2 captures coral bleaching of Great Barrier Reef

Scientists observed the bleaching of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef early this year using satellite images. While capturing these events from space has been difficult in the past, Sentinel-2’s frequent revisits and its resolution makes it possible.
Sentinel-2 captures coral bleaching of Great Barrier Reef

Scientists observed the bleaching of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef early this year using satellite images. While capturing these events from space has been difficult in the past, Sentinel-2’s frequent revisits and its resolution makes it possible.
Dedicated control

Operations image of the week: In 1983, teams at ESA’s operations centre concentrated on flying Exosat, Europe’s first X-ray observatory satellite and one of the first with an on board computer
NASA’s mission to a planetary core has been moved up
The craft to Psyche will launch a year earlier and get to its target four years early.
Rocketing off to (cyber) space
Land on the Moon, explore Mars, or control the whole solar system, all from the comfort of your home.
Origin of Granular Capillarity Revealed by Particle-Based Simulations
Author(s): Fengxian Fan, Eric J. R. Parteli, and Thorsten Pöschel
Numerical simulations show that a previously observed capillary-like action in vibrating grain systems is due to convective motion of the grains.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 218001] Published Tue May 23, 2017
Origin of Granular Capillarity Revealed by Particle-Based Simulations
Author(s): Fengxian Fan, Eric J. R. Parteli, and Thorsten Pöschel
Numerical simulations show that a previously observed capillary-like action in vibrating grain systems is due to convective motion of the grains.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 218001] Published Tue May 23, 2017
Launching the drone
Human spaceflight and robotic exploration image of the week: ESA astronaut Luca Parmitano exploring places no human could go with robotic drone
Launching the drone
Human spaceflight and robotic exploration image of the week: ESA astronaut Luca Parmitano exploring places no human could go with robotic drone
A familiar galaxy with a new surprise: Two supermassive black holes
Radio astronomers have spotted something new near Cygnus A’s center.
Mice born from freeze-dried space sperm are doing OK
Before they were born, these mice were astronauts. Or, rather, the sperm that would go on to deliver half of their genetic material were.
For nine months, mouse sperm was kept aboard the International Space Station, freeze-dried to preserve it. Brought…
Students’ conceptions on white light and implications for teaching and learning about colour
The quality of learning processes is mainly determined by the extent to which students’ conceptions
are addressed and thus conceptual change is triggered. Colour phenomena are a topic within initial
instruction of optics which is challenging. A phy…
A stack of cards rebuilt with calculus
Previous work covers building a tower from a stack of homogeneous rectangular plates, each with a
maximum shift in displacement. We suggest using plates shaped as curvilinear triangles bounded by
segments of power-law functions. The masses of the pla…
Electromagnetic Faraday generator and its application
This paper presents a simple electromagnetic generator meant for use in students’ experiments. This
apparatus provides realization of a series of experiments demonstrating the principles of
electricity generation and the conversion of electricity t…
Simplified approach for quantitative calculations of optical pumping
We present a simple and pedagogical method for quickly calculating optical pumping processes based
on linearised population rate equations. The method can easily be implemented on mathematical
software run on modest personal computers, and can be gen…
A stack of cards rebuilt with calculus
Previous work covers building a tower from a stack of homogeneous rectangular plates, each with a
maximum shift in displacement. We suggest using plates shaped as curvilinear triangles bounded by
segments of power-law functions. The masses of the pla…
Electromagnetic Faraday generator and its application
This paper presents a simple electromagnetic generator meant for use in students’ experiments. This
apparatus provides realization of a series of experiments demonstrating the principles of
electricity generation and the conversion of electricity t…
Students’ conceptions on white light and implications for teaching and learning about colour
The quality of learning processes is mainly determined by the extent to which students’ conceptions
are addressed and thus conceptual change is triggered. Colour phenomena are a topic within initial
instruction of optics which is challenging. A phy…
Simplified approach for quantitative calculations of optical pumping
We present a simple and pedagogical method for quickly calculating optical pumping processes based
on linearised population rate equations. The method can easily be implemented on mathematical
software run on modest personal computers, and can be gen…
NASA to Discuss FY2018 Budget Proposal, Provide Virtual Tours of Centers
NASA will hold a series of events Tuesday, May 23, highlighting the agency’s Fiscal Year 2018 budget proposal.
Astronomers Confirm Orbital Details of TRAPPIST-1h
Astronomers used NASA’s Kepler space telescope to confirm the orbital period of the outermost TRAPPIST-1 planet.
NASA to Discuss First Science Results from Juno Jupiter Mission
Scientists from NASA’s Juno mission to Jupiter will discuss their first in-depth science results in a media telecon at 11 a.m. PDT (2 p.m. EDT) Thursday, May 25.
NASA to Discuss FY2018 Budget Proposal, Provide Virtual Tours of Centers
NASA will hold a series of events Tuesday, May 23, highlighting the agency’s Fiscal Year 2018 budget proposal.
Astronomers Confirm Orbital Details of TRAPPIST-1h
Astronomers used NASA’s Kepler space telescope to confirm the orbital period of the outermost TRAPPIST-1 planet.
NASA to Discuss First Science Results from Juno Jupiter Mission
Scientists from NASA’s Juno mission to Jupiter will discuss their first in-depth science results in a media telecon at 11 a.m. PDT (2 p.m. EDT) Thursday, May 25.
Star storm

Space Science Image of the Week: Aoife van Linden Tol, recipient of the first ESA–Ars Electronica residency, created this sketch while researching for her art–science project at ESA
Star storm

Space Science Image of the Week: Aoife van Linden Tol, recipient of the first ESA–Ars Electronica residency, created this sketch while researching for her art–science project at ESA
Quantum Loop Topography for Machine Learning
Author(s): Yi Zhang and Eun-Ah KimA new machine-learning algorithm based on a neural network can tell a topological phase of matter from a conventional one.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 216401] Published Mon May 22, 2017
Quantum Loop Topography for Machine Learning
Author(s): Yi Zhang and Eun-Ah KimA new machine-learning algorithm based on a neural network can tell a topological phase of matter from a conventional one.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 216401] Published Mon May 22, 2017
Exploring underground with a colliding drone
Exploring underground with a colliding drone
Astronomers know TRAPPIST-1h’s orbit
We now have a little more information about the mysterious, outermost planet.
Merging white dwarfs may create most of our galaxy’s antimatter
This discovery helps to rule out more exotic sources of antimatter, such as dark matter.
Accretion Dynamics on Wet Granular Materials
Author(s): Guillaume Saingier, Alban Sauret, and Pierre Jop
The probability that a jet of dry grains will stick to a wet granular pile depends on the amount of liquid available at the pile’s surface.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 208001] Published Fri May 19, 2017
Dynamical Defects in Rotating Magnetic Skyrmion Lattices
Author(s): S. Pöllath, J. Wild, L. Heinen, T. N. G. Meier, M. Kronseder, L. Tutsch, A. Bauer, H. Berger, C. Pfleiderer, J. Zweck, A. Rosch, and C. H. Back
Skyrmions in lattices can be considered as point-like particles according to new experiments and theory that track the motion of lattice defects and domain boundaries.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 207205] Published Fri May 19, 2017
Transmodal Fabry-Pérot Resonance: Theory and Realization with Elastic Metamaterials
Author(s): Joshua Minwoo Kweun, Hyung Jin Lee, Joo Hwan Oh, Hong Min Seung, and Yoon Young KimNew filter allows shear waves to be produced efficiently, which could lead to higher resolution ultrasound images.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 205901] Published Fri…
Lateral p−n Junction in an Inverted InAs/GaSb Double Quantum Well
Author(s): Matija Karalic, Christopher Mittag, Thomas Tschirky, Werner Wegscheider, Klaus Ensslin, and Thomas IhnThe properties of a p-n junction in a semiconductor structure in the quantum spin Hall insulating regime are probed experimentally. This de…
Transmodal Fabry-Pérot Resonance: Theory and Realization with Elastic Metamaterials
Author(s): Joshua Minwoo Kweun, Hyung Jin Lee, Joo Hwan Oh, Hong Min Seung, and Yoon Young KimNew filter allows shear waves to be produced efficiently, which could lead to higher resolution ultrasound images.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 205901] Published Fri…
Accretion Dynamics on Wet Granular Materials
Author(s): Guillaume Saingier, Alban Sauret, and Pierre Jop
The probability that a jet of dry grains will stick to a wet granular pile depends on the amount of liquid available at the pile’s surface.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 208001] Published Fri May 19, 2017
Dynamical Defects in Rotating Magnetic Skyrmion Lattices
Author(s): S. Pöllath, J. Wild, L. Heinen, T. N. G. Meier, M. Kronseder, L. Tutsch, A. Bauer, H. Berger, C. Pfleiderer, J. Zweck, A. Rosch, and C. H. Back
Skyrmions in lattices can be considered as point-like particles according to new experiments and theory that track the motion of lattice defects and domain boundaries.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 207205] Published Fri May 19, 2017
Lateral p−n Junction in an Inverted InAs/GaSb Double Quantum Well
Author(s): Matija Karalic, Christopher Mittag, Thomas Tschirky, Werner Wegscheider, Klaus Ensslin, and Thomas IhnThe properties of a p-n junction in a semiconductor structure in the quantum spin Hall insulating regime are probed experimentally. This de…
Week In Images
Our week through the lens: 15-19 May 2017
Week In Images
Our week through the lens: 15-19 May 2017
Astronomers create the largest map of the universe
This map uses quasar positions to reveal further clues about dark energy.
The weird star that totally isn’t aliens is dimming again
The mystery of Tabby’s Star kicks in again.
Rann of Kutch
Earth observation image of the week: a Sentinel-2 image of a salt desert in western India, also featured on the Earth from Space video programme
Automated method for wavelength estimation in a two-beam interferometer based on the on–off switching of two laser-diode sources
In this manuscript a method is proposed to estimate the wavelength of a laser diode source, under
the scheme of a two-source Twyman–Green interferometric setup. This proposal is based on the count
and ratio of the interfering fringes generated by t…
Using high speed smartphone cameras and video analysis techniques to teach mechanical wave physics
We propose the use of smartphone-based slow-motion video analysis techniques as a valuable tool for
investigating physics concepts ruling mechanical wave propagation. The simple experimental
activities presented here, suitable for both high school an…
Automated method for wavelength estimation in a two-beam interferometer based on the on–off switching of two laser-diode sources
In this manuscript a method is proposed to estimate the wavelength of a laser diode source, under
the scheme of a two-source Twyman–Green interferometric setup. This proposal is based on the count
and ratio of the interfering fringes generated by t…
Using high speed smartphone cameras and video analysis techniques to teach mechanical wave physics
We propose the use of smartphone-based slow-motion video analysis techniques as a valuable tool for
investigating physics concepts ruling mechanical wave propagation. The simple experimental
activities presented here, suitable for both high school an…
NASA’s Juno Spacecraft Completes Fifth Science Pass of Jupiter
NASA’s Juno mission accomplished a close flyby of Jupiter on May 19, successfully completing its fifth science orbit.
NASA’s Juno Spacecraft Completes Fifth Science Pass of Jupiter
NASA’s Juno mission accomplished a close flyby of Jupiter on May 19, successfully completing its fifth science orbit.
NASA’s CPEX Tackles a Weather Fundamental
A field campaign this June has a real shot at improving meteorologists’ ability to answer some of the most fundamental weather questions: Where will it rain? When? How much?
NASA’s CPEX Tackles a Weather Fundamental
A field campaign this June has a real shot at improving meteorologists’ ability to answer some of the most fundamental weather questions: Where will it rain? When? How much?
Zeno Hall Effect
Author(s): Zongping Gong, Sho Higashikawa, and Masahito UedaThe quantum Zeno effect is predicted to give rise to Hall-effect-like behavior for wavepackets in an ultracold condensate.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 200401] Published Thu May 18, 2017
Zeno Hall Effect
Author(s): Zongping Gong, Sho Higashikawa, and Masahito UedaThe quantum Zeno effect is predicted to give rise to Hall-effect-like behavior for wavepackets in an ultracold condensate.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 200401] Published Thu May 18, 2017
Saving time in space

Working inside the International Space Station is sometimes like assembling complex furniture but with the tools and paper instructions continually floating out of reach. Astronauts also face situations unforeseen by the instructions. Communication delays with ground control to troubleshoot these occasions mean even more valuable time is lost. Now, ‘mobiPV’ is looking to help.
Saving time in space

Working inside the International Space Station is sometimes like assembling complex furniture but with the tools and paper instructions continually floating out of reach. Astronauts also face situations unforeseen by the instructions. Communication delays with ground control to troubleshoot these occasions mean even more valuable time is lost. Now, ‘mobiPV’ is looking to help.
Earth from Space

Join us Friday, 19 May, at 10:00 CEST for the ‘Earth from Space’ video programme
Researchers find a tiny moon around a large unnamed dwarf planet
2007 OR10 gets no respect.
NASA invites scientists to submit ides for Europa lander
Now is the time to voice your opinions on the lander’s instruments.
Li(e)nearity
This article brings to light the fact that linearity is by itself a meaningful symmetry in the
senses of Lie and Noether. First, the role played by that ‘linearity symmetry’ in the quadrature of
linear second-order differential equations is revis…
Fermi–Walker transport and Thomas precession
An exact derivation of the Thomas precession formula is presented based on the Fermi–Walker
transport equation. Given that the Thomas precession effect is not a particularly intuitive
phenomenon, such that when discovered in 1925 it took by surpris…
Charging a capacitor with a photovoltaic module
Charging a capacitor with a photovoltaic module is an experiment which reveals a lot about the
modules characteristics. It is customary to represent these characteristics with an equivalent
circuit whose elements represent its physical parameters. Th…
Charging a capacitor with a photovoltaic module
Charging a capacitor with a photovoltaic module is an experiment which reveals a lot about the
modules characteristics. It is customary to represent these characteristics with an equivalent
circuit whose elements represent its physical parameters. Th…
Li(e)nearity
This article brings to light the fact that linearity is by itself a meaningful symmetry in the
senses of Lie and Noether. First, the role played by that ‘linearity symmetry’ in the quadrature of
linear second-order differential equations is revis…
Fermi–Walker transport and Thomas precession
An exact derivation of the Thomas precession formula is presented based on the Fermi–Walker
transport equation. Given that the Thomas precession effect is not a particularly intuitive
phenomenon, such that when discovered in 1925 it took by surpris…
Fermi–Walker transport and Thomas precession
An exact derivation of the Thomas precession formula is presented based on the Fermi–Walker
transport equation. Given that the Thomas precession effect is not a particularly intuitive
phenomenon, such that when discovered in 1925 it took by surpris…
Film Premiere – ‘To The Rescue’
“To the Rescue,” chronicling JPL’s efforts to save the prestigious, expensive, myopic Hubble Space Telescope, premieres Tuesday evening, May 23 at Caltech. Admission is free on a first-come, first-served basis.
NASA Asks Scientific Community to Think on Possible Europa Lander Instruments
NASA is asking scientists to consider what would be the best instruments to include on a mission to land on Jupiter’s icy moon, Europa.
Scientists Look to Skies to Improve Tsunami Detection
A team of scientists has developed a new approach to assist in development of timely tsunami detection systems, using measurements of how tsunamis disturb Earth’s atmosphere.
Film Premiere – ‘To The Rescue’
“To the Rescue,” chronicling JPL’s efforts to save the prestigious, expensive, myopic Hubble Space Telescope, premieres Tuesday evening, May 23 at Caltech. Admission is free on a first-come, first-served basis.
NASA Asks Scientific Community to Think on Possible Europa Lander Instruments
NASA is asking scientists to consider what would be the best instruments to include on a mission to land on Jupiter’s icy moon, Europa.
Scientists Look to Skies to Improve Tsunami Detection
A team of scientists has developed a new approach to assist in development of timely tsunami detection systems, using measurements of how tsunamis disturb Earth’s atmosphere.