NASA’s Juno mission successfully executed its first of 36 orbital flybys of Jupiter today.
Toimub XXIII rahvusvaheline Jahn-Telleri efekti sümpoosion
27. augustist 1. septembrini toimub Tartu konverentsikeskuses Dorpat XXIII rahvusvaheline Jahn-Telleri efekti sümpoosion. Jahn-Telleri sümpoosionite seeria on alguse saanud aastal 1976. Tegemist on unikaalse konverentsiga, kus kohtuvad nii teooria kui rakendustega tegelevad füüsikud ja keemikud. Arutluse all olevateks teemadeks on elektronide ja tuumade liikumiste vastastikmõju molekulides ja kristallides kõdunud energiaga seisundites. Jahn-Telleri efekt, pseudo Jahn-Telleri […]
Jupiter’s Extended Family? A Billion or More
The giant planet Jupiter could hold the secret to the formation of the solar system, of Earth itself, and of a billion or more “Jupiters” orbiting distant stars.
Jupiter’s Extended Family? A Billion or More
The giant planet Jupiter could hold the secret to the formation of the solar system, of Earth itself, and of a billion or more “Jupiters” orbiting distant stars.
Land shifts in Italy
The Sentinel-1A satellite has given us a picture of the ground deformation caused by the 24 August earthquake in Italy
Wave-Based Turing Machine: Time Reversal and Information Erasing
Author(s): S. Perrard, E. Fort, and Y. CouderA droplet bouncing and wandering across a liquid surface can produce waves that store the history of its chaotic motion.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 094502] Published Fri Aug 26, 2016
Week In Images
Our week through the lens: 22-26 August 2016
Bridging the Bosphorus

Sentinel-2A captured the progress of Turkey’s Third Bosphorus Bridge, which opens today
Astronomers find a galaxy thats mostly dark matter
Dragonfly 44 glows only faintly with starlight — but there’s a lot more going on behind the scenes.
NASA’s Juno to Soar Closest to Jupiter This Saturday
This Saturday, NASA’s Juno spacecraft will get closer to the cloud tops of Jupiter than at any other time during its prime mission.
Spitzer Space Telescope Begins ‘Beyond’ Phase
Celebrating the spacecraft’s ability to push the boundaries of space science and technology, NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope team has dubbed the next phase of its journey “Beyond.”
NASA’s MISR Views America’s National Parks in 3-D
In honor of the U.S. National Park Service’s 100th anniversary, new 3-D images from NASA’s MISR instrument showcase some of our nation’s natural treasures.
Spitzer Space Telescope Begins ‘Beyond’ Phase
Celebrating the spacecraft’s ability to push the boundaries of space science and technology, NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope team has dubbed the next phase of its journey “Beyond.”
NASA’s MISR Views America’s National Parks in 3-D
In honor of the U.S. National Park Service’s 100th anniversary, new 3-D images from NASA’s MISR instrument showcase some of our nation’s natural treasures.
NASA’s Juno to Soar Closest to Jupiter This Saturday
This Saturday, NASA’s Juno spacecraft will get closer to the cloud tops of Jupiter than at any other time during its prime mission.
FLEX takes on mutants

Because a plant isn’t green doesn’t mean it can’t photosynthesise as well as its more usual counterpart, but when measured by satellites, these non-green varieties skew results on plant health. FLEX is different. Experiments using ‘mutants’ show that colour won’t be an obstacle in this new mission’s task of mapping plant health from space.
Constraints on Cosmology and Gravity from the Dynamics of Voids
Author(s): Nico Hamaus, Alice Pisani, P. M. Sutter, Guilhem Lavaux, Stéphanie Escoffier, Benjamin D. Wandelt, and Jochen Weller
The distribution of galaxies around regions of relatively empty space can be used to constrain cosmological parameters.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 091302] Published Thu Aug 25, 2016
Floquet Time Crystals
Author(s): Dominic V. Else, Bela Bauer, and Chetan NayakTime-translation symmetry can be spontaneously broken in driven quantum systems opening the door to time crystals, according to new theoretical predictions.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 090402] Published…
Rosetta captures comet outburst
In unprecedented observations made earlier this year, Rosetta unexpectedly captured a dramatic comet outburst that may have been triggered by a landslide.
Rocking Soundcloud
ESA’s Soundcloud channel is now official: hear the latest sounds from mission control, the launch pad and deep space, including #SingingComet and the ISS warning alarm, a tone astronauts hope never to hear for real
When does a small star become a brown dwarf?
Brown dwarfs, red dwarfs, ultracool stars … what’s the difference?
Massive, short-lived stars may still form like the Sun
O-type stars live fast and die young, but their formative years look fairly familiar.
Rainbows in nature: recent advances in observation and theory
This topical review presents an overview of the common and less common observations of rainbows in
natural rainfall, and the theoretical concepts that have been developed for their explanation.
Mainly throughout the last 20 years, many new and intrig…
Ariane 5’s fourth launch this year
An Ariane 5, operated by Arianespace, has delivered two telecom satellites, Intelsat-33e and Intelsat-36, into their planned orbits.
35 Years On, Voyager’s Legacy Continues at Saturn
NASA’s Voyager 2 spacecraft made its closest approach to Saturn 35 years ago. The Cassini mission has followed up on many of Voyager’s discoveries.
NASA’s WISE, Fermi Missions Reveal a Surprising Blazar Connection
Astronomers studying distant galaxies powered by monster black holes have uncovered an unexpected link between two very different wavelengths of the light they emit, the mid-infrared and gamma rays.
ESO Discovers Earth-Size Planet in Habitable Zone of Nearest Star
A newly discovered, roughly Earth-sized planet orbiting our nearest neighboring star might be habitable.
ESO Discovers Earth-Size Planet in Habitable Zone of Nearest Star
A newly discovered, roughly Earth-sized planet orbiting our nearest neighboring star might be habitable.
35 Years On, Voyager’s Legacy Continues at Saturn
NASA’s Voyager 2 spacecraft made its closest approach to Saturn 35 years ago. The Cassini mission has followed up on many of Voyager’s discoveries.
NASA’s WISE, Fermi Missions Reveal a Surprising Blazar Connection
Astronomers studying distant galaxies powered by monster black holes have uncovered an unexpected link between two very different wavelengths of the light they emit, the mid-infrared and gamma rays.
Lensing of Fast Radio Bursts as a Probe of Compact Dark Matter
Author(s): Julian B. Muñoz, Ely D. Kovetz, Liang Dai, and Marc Kamionkowski
Gravitational lensing of fast radio bursts around compact dark matter objects larger than twenty solar masses could be detected in upcoming experiments allowing constraints to be placed on the fraction of dark matter they contain.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 091301] Published Wed Aug 24, 2016
Quantifying Interparticle Forces and Heterogeneity in 3D Granular Materials
Author(s): R. C. Hurley, S. A. Hall, J. E. Andrade, and J. Wright
A map of the contact forces between grains in a sand pile provides a first glimpse of how force is distributed in a 3D granular system.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 098005] Published Wed Aug 24, 2016
ESAintouch
Help the jury decide the winning App by voting for your favourite ESAintouch prototype
Easy rider
Technology image of the week: astronaut Andreas Mogensen combines VR with an air-bearing platform to simulate weightlessness in 2D
The real thing
Human spaceflight and robotic exploration image of the week: assembling Orion service module in Bremen, Germany
Is Proxima Centauri b the most promising exoplanet yet?
Our nearest neighbor could be nearly perfect for the search for life on other planets.
NASA Symposium: Futuristic Space Exploration Concepts
JPL explores five new ideas for space exploration, including robotic mirrors and an art-inspired automaton.
Test for Damp Ground at Mars’ Seasonal Streaks Finds None
Seasonal dark streaks on Mars that have become one of the hottest topics in interplanetary research don’t hold much water, according to new findings from a NASA Mars orbiter.
Test for Damp Ground at Mars Streaks Finds None
Seasonal dark streaks on Mars that have become one of the hottest topics in interplanetary research don’t hold much water, according to new findings from a NASA Mars orbiter.
NASA Symposium: Futuristic Space Exploration Concepts
JPL explores five new ideas for space exploration, including robotic mirrors and an art-inspired automaton.
Commensurability Oscillations of Composite Fermions Induced by the Periodic Potential of a Wigner Crystal
Author(s): H. Deng, Y. Liu, I. Jo, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. W. West, K. W. Baldwin, and M. Shayegan
The lattice symmetry of a quantum Wigner crystal is deduced from its effect on quantized states in a nearby sheet of electrons.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 096601] Published Tue Aug 23, 2016
Core Ionization Initiates Subfemtosecond Charge Migration in the Valence Shell of Molecules
Author(s): Alexander I. Kuleff, Nikolai V. Kryzhevoi, Markus Pernpointner, and Lorenz S. CederbaumAttosecond experiments reveal that ionizing a core electron in nitrosobenzene results in a static hole in the core and an intense charge migration in the …
Universal Charge Diffusion and the Butterfly Effect in Holographic Theories
Author(s): Mike BlakeA universal regime describing charge transport in holographic theories with particle-hole symmetry is theoretically predicted, suggesting a link between strongly coupled quantum field theories and quantum chaos.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 11…
Lieb-Robinson Bound and the Butterfly Effect in Quantum Field Theories
Author(s): Daniel A. Roberts and Brian SwingleA universal regime describing charge transport in holographic theories with particle-hole symmetry is theoretically predicted, suggesting a link between strongly coupled quantum field theories and quantum c…
Attosecond Delays in Molecular Photoionization
Author(s): Martin Huppert, Inga Jordan, Denitsa Baykusheva, Aaron von Conta, and Hans Jakob Wörner
Attosecond-resolution experiments have determined the delay in an electron’s emission from a molecule after being ionized with light.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 093001] Published Mon Aug 22, 2016
Micrometer-Scale Ballistic Transport of Electron Pairs in LaAlO_{3} /SrTiO_{3} Nanowires
Author(s): Michelle Tomczyk, Guanglei Cheng, Hyungwoo Lee, Shicheng Lu, Anil Annadi, Joshua P. Veazey, Mengchen Huang, Patrick Irvin, Sangwoo Ryu, Chang-Beom Eom, and Jeremy LevyUncondensed spin-singlet electron pairs in a quasi-one-dimensional LaAlO3/…
Scorched Sprite

Space Science Image of the Week: ESA’s Planck satellite mapped the magnetic field of our Milky Way galaxy, capturing an ethereal flame-filled scene at the Polaris Flare
Proba-3: seeing through shadow to view Sun’s corona

Every 18 months or so, scientists and sensation-seekers gather at set points on Earth’s surface, to await awe-inspiring solar eclipses. The Moon briefly blocks the Sun, revealing its mysterious outer atmosphere, the corona. Though what if researchers could induce such eclipses at will?
Full-Circle Vista from NASA Mars Rover Curiosity Shows ‘Murray Buttes’
Eroded mesas and buttes reminiscent of the U.S. Southwest shape part of the horizon in the latest 360-degree color panorama from NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover.
Full-Circle Vista from NASA Mars Rover Curiosity Shows ‘Murray Buttes’
Eroded mesas and buttes reminiscent of the U.S. Southwest shape part of the horizon in the latest 360-degree color panorama from NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover.
Observation of Rydberg-Atom Macrodimers: Micrometer-Sized Diatomic Molecules
Author(s): Heiner Saßmannshausen and Johannes Deiglmayr
Experiments confirm the existence of 1-micrometer-sized molecules made of two cesium atoms by showing that their binding energies agree with predictions.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 083401] Published Fri Aug 19, 2016
Strain Engineering of the Band Gap of HgTe Quantum Wells Using Superlattice Virtual Substrates
Author(s): Philipp Leubner, Lukas Lunczer, Christoph Brüne, Hartmut Buhmann, and Laurens W. Molenkamp
The band gap of HgTe quantum wells can be controlled by adjusting their strain via a substrate lattice mismatch. The achieved band gap of 55 meV is well above room temperature thermal energy, which may allow for technical applications of these 2D topological insulators.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 086403] Published Fri Aug 19, 2016
Week In Images
Our week through the lens: 15-19 August 2016
The Sky This Week for August 19 to August 28
Planets, Pallas, and the Big Dipper will all make wonderful viewing this week.
Thomas?Fermi approach to density functional theory: binding energy for atomic systems
In this work, we re-examine the Thomas?Fermi formalism as an approach to the calculation of atomic
binding energies. We focus on the concept of electron density as the central magnitude, and the way
in which the different contributions to the total e…
Thomas–Fermi approach to density functional theory: binding energy for atomic systems
In this work, we re-examine the Thomas–Fermi formalism as an approach to the calculation of atomic
binding energies. We focus on the concept of electron density as the central magnitude, and the way
in which the different contributions to the total…
Evidence for Exotic Hadron Contributions to Λ_{b}^{0} →J/ψpπ^{−} Decays
Author(s): R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration)New results from the LHCb experiment confirm the 2015 discovery that quarks can combine into groups of five.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 082003] Published Thu Aug 18, 2016
Model-Independent Evidence for J/ψp Contributions to Λ_{b}^{0} →J/ψpK^{−} Decays
Author(s): R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration)New results from the LHCb experiment confirm the 2015 discovery that quarks can combine into groups of five.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 082002] Published Thu Aug 18, 2016
The longest call

Operations image of the week: ESA’s deep-space tracking station in Australia makes the longest-ever ‘catch’ for the Agency
Most distant catch for ESA station
An ESA tracking station has acquired signals from the international Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn, across more than 1.4 billion km of space.
A dormant white dwarf violently exploded out of its slumber
Polish astronomers saw a dormant beast go nova in a spectacular sky show.
NASA Satellite Views California’s Massive Blue Cut Fire
NASA’s MISR instrument captured an image of the growing, destructive wildfire burning about 60 miles east of Los Angeles.
NASA Satellite Views California’s Massive Blue Cut Fire
NASA’s MISR instrument captured an image of the growing, destructive wildfire burning about 60 miles east of Los Angeles.
ESTEC opens up
Technology image of the week: ESA’s largest establishment will be opening its doors to the public for its annual Open Day on Sunday 2 October
How to dock CubeSats
The miniature satellites known as CubeSats already play a variety of roles in space. In future they could also serve as the building blocks of other, larger missions by being docked together in orbit.
Space science starts here
Video showcase of ESA’s fleet of space science missions and how they are helping us to understand our place in the Universe
Breaking Newton?s third law: electromagnetic instances
In this work, three instances are discussed within electromagnetism which highlight failures in the
validity of Newton?s third law, all of them related to moving charged particles. It is well known
that electromagnetic theory paved the way for relati…
Breaking Newton’s third law: electromagnetic instances
In this work, three instances are discussed within electromagnetism which highlight failures in the
validity of Newton’s third law, all of them related to moving charged particles. It is well known
that electromagnetic theory paved the way for rela…
Visualizing rotations and composition of rotations with the Rodrigues vector
The purpose of this paper is to show that the mathematical treatment of three-dimensional rotations
can be simplified, and its geometrical understanding improved, using the Rodrigues vector
representation. We present a novel geometrical interpretatio…
Generators of dynamical symmetries and the correct gauge transformation in the Landau level problem: use of pseudomomentum and pseudo-angular momentum
Due to the importance of gauge symmetry in all fields of physics, and motivated by an article
written almost three decades ago that warns against a naive handling of gauge transformations in the
Landau level problem (a quantum electron moving in a sp…
A general gauge for the electromagnetic potentials and the continuity equation
In a general gauge choice fixing the divergence of the vector potential, an explicit retarded
solution of the corresponding dynamical equations for the electromagnetic potentials satisfies the
gauge choice if and only if the continuity equation is sa…
Search for Majorana Neutrinos Near the Inverted Mass Hierarchy Region with KamLAND-Zen
Author(s): A. Gando et al. (KamLAND-Zen Collaboration)The KamLAND-Zen collaboration has run the most sensitive search to date for a radioactive decay that could reveal whether neutrinos are Majorana fermions.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 082503] Published Tue…
MACHOs may be out of the running as a dark matter candidate
Ultra-compact, hard-to-spot stellar objects can’t account for the missing matter of the universe.
Will the real culprit behind Mars’ gullies please stand up?
A NASA press release recently suggested Mars’ gullies were formed solely by carbon dioxide. The truth is much murkier.
NASA Study Analyzes Four Corners Methane Sources
A NASA-led team has analyzed a “hot spot” of methane emissions in the U.S. Four Corners region, quantifying both its overall magnitude and the magnitudes of its sources.
NASA Asteroid Redirect Mission Completes Design Milestone
NASA has approved the Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) to proceed to the next phase of design and development for the mission’s robotic segment
NASA Study Analyzes Four Corners Methane Sources
A NASA-led team has analyzed a “hot spot” of methane emissions in the U.S. Four Corners region, quantifying both its overall magnitude and the magnitudes of its sources.
NASA Asteroid Redirect Mission Completes Design Milestone
NASA has approved the Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) to proceed to the next phase of design and development for the mission’s robotic segment
Four Corners methane results
A NASA-led team has analyzed a “hot spot” of methane emissions in the U.S. Four Corners region, quantifying both its overall magnitude and the magnitudes of its sources.
Multiple Cracks Propagate Simultaneously in Polymer Liquids in Tension
Author(s): Qian Huang, Nicolas J. Alvarez, Aamir Shabbir, and Ole HassagerHigh-speed imaging shows that fluids can break like brittle glass under the right conditions.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 087801] Published Mon Aug 15, 2016
Only days left to join Europe’s first citizens’ debate on space
Do you want the opportunity to have your say in suggesting priorities in European space programmes?
The best view of the Perseids may have been from the ISS
There’s no cloud cover when your hundreds of miles above the clouds.
Meet the woman who got America into orbit in the trailer for ‘Hidden Figures’
Katherine Johnson was a guiding force behind Project Mercury. Now, a new movie wants to highlight the African-American woman’s forgotten history.
Black holes can still shine a bright light, astronomers say
For the first time, particles were detected escaping an artificially-created black hole, including evidence of Hawking radiation.
Hubble’s fireball
Space Science Image of the Week: Hubble has spied countless stunning cosmic objects, but few as dramatic as the star Hen 2-247 and its fiery nebula M1-67
Ice cubes on drinks cans?the answer
In my article (Featonby 2016 Phys. Educ . 51 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/51/4/047002]
047002 ) I asked what happens when ice cubes are placed on top of drinks can in saucers of warm
water?
Reviews
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Does metaphysics have a role in physics?
‘HowTheLightGetsIn2016’ is a philosophy and music festival at Hay-on-Wye. Physicists from across the
globe come to discuss and debate topical ideas, often at the edge of present understanding. David
Richardson met up with Professor Bernard Carr a…
Ice cubes on drinks cans—the answer
In my article (Featonby 2016 Phys. Educ . 51 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/51/4/047002]
047002 ) I asked what happens when ice cubes are placed on top of drinks can in saucers of warm
water?
Kepler Watches Stellar Dancers in the Pleiades Cluster
NASA’s Kepler space telescope has helped amass the most complete catalog of rotation periods for stars in a cluster.
Kepler Watches Stellar Dancers in the Pleiades Cluster
NASA’s Kepler space telescope has helped amass the most complete catalog of rotation periods for stars in a cluster
Preparation of Ultracold Atom Clouds at the Shot Noise Level
Author(s): M. Gajdacz, A. J. Hilliard, M. A. Kristensen, P. L. Pedersen, C. Klempt, J. J. Arlt, and J. F. Sherson
A new technique allows researchers to specify the number of atoms in an ultracold cloud (in the millions) and then to reproduce that same number in repeated experiments.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073604] Published Fri Aug 12, 2016
Decoupling Edge Versus Bulk Conductance in the Trivial Regime of an InAs/GaSb Double Quantum Well Using Corbino Ring Geometry
Author(s): Binh-Minh Nguyen, Andrey A. Kiselev, Ramsey Noah, Wei Yi, Fanming Qu, Arjan J. A. Beukman, Folkert K. de Vries, Jasper van Veen, Stevan Nadj-Perge, Leo P. Kouwenhoven, Morten Kjaergaard, Henri J. Suominen, Fabrizio Nichele, Charles M. Marcus, Michael J. Manfra, and Marko Sokolich
A semiconductor quantum well with a concentric geometry enables experimentalists to decouple bulk and edge conduction channels.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 077701] Published Fri Aug 12, 2016
Week In Images
Our week through the lens: 8-12 August 2016
This object may open up new solar system mysteries
It’s not Niku itself that’s weird. It’s how and where it orbits.
Was Venus once ripe for life?
Mars isn’t the only planet that may have once held life.
A.I. Could Be a Firefighter’s ‘Guardian Angel’
JPL research designed to keep first responders out of harm’s way receives award from the Department of Homeland Security.
A.I. Could Be a Firefighter’s ‘Guardian Angel’
JPL research designed to keep first responders out of harm’s way receives award from the Department of Homeland Security.
Direct Detection of Pure ac Spin Current by X-Ray Pump-Probe Measurements
Author(s): J. Li, L. R. Shelford, P. Shafer, A. Tan, J. X. Deng, P. S. Keatley, C. Hwang, E. Arenholz, G. van der Laan, R. J. Hicken, and Z. Q. Qiu
X-ray pulses have been used to directly observe the spin current flowing in a metal.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 076602] Published Thu Aug 11, 2016
Spotlight on Schiaparelli’s landing site
Schiaparelli, the Entry, Descent and Landing Demonstrator Module of the joint ESA/Roscosmos ExoMars 2016 mission, will target the Meridiani Planum region for its October landing, as seen in this mosaic created from Mars Express images.
