An Ariane 5 lifted off this evening to deliver two telecom satellites, Star One-D1 and JCSat-15, into their planned orbits.
Ariane 5’s seventh launch this year
An Ariane 5 lifted off this evening to deliver two telecom satellites, Star One-D1 and JCSat-15, into their planned orbits.
NASA Releases New, Detailed Greenland Glacier Data
NASA’s Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) mission has released preliminary data on the heights of Greenland coastal glaciers from its first airborne campaign in March 2016.
NASA Releases New, Detailed Greenland Glacier Data
NASA’s Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) mission has released preliminary data on the heights of Greenland coastal glaciers from its first airborne campaign in March 2016.
Shiny stuff for space
Technology image of the week: these carefully-placed stacks of silicon wafers represent the future of high-energy astronomy
Space Station greetings
ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet’s season’s greetings from the International Space Station
Winter Moon

Operations image of the week: ESA’s tracking station at Maspalomas seen by the light of a winter Moon
Small Troughs Growing on Mars May Become ‘Spiders’
Erosion-carved troughs that grow and branch during multiple Martian years may be infant versions of larger features known as Martian “spiders.”
Meet a ‘Spacecraft Dressmaker’
Meet one of the seamstresses behind JPL’s thermal blankets, which protect spacecraft from extreme environments.
Meet a ‘Spacecraft Dressmaker’
Meet one of the seamstresses behind JPL’s thermal blankets, which protect spacecraft from extreme environments.
Small Troughs Growing on Mars May Become ‘Spiders’
Erosion-carved troughs that grow and branch during multiple Martian years may be infant versions of larger features known as Martian “spiders.”
CERN scientists get the first glance of the innards of anti-matter
By peering into the spectra of anti-hydrogen, we may come one step closer to understanding matter’s shadowy twin — and why it’s so hard to find.
Two Google Lunar X Prize teams will share a ride to the Moon
A perfect example of people coming together for space exploration
Preparing for air traffic control via satellite
ESA recently completed its first flight trials using satellites to help bring Europe closer to its goal of modernising air traffic control.
Preparing for air traffic control via satellite
ESA recently completed its first flight trials using satellites to help bring Europe closer to its goal of modernising air traffic control.
Our year in space
A look back at the highlights of 2016 for Europe in Space
New Technology Could Help Track Firefighters for Safety
Firefighters’ lives are at risk if they get lost in smoky buildings. New JPL technology could help save them.
New Technology Could Help Track Firefighters for Safety
Firefighters’ lives are at risk if they get lost in smoky buildings. New JPL technology could help save them.
There’s a jet stream in our core

We would normally associate jet streams with the weather but, thanks to ESA’s magnetic field mission, scientists have discovered a jet stream deep below Earth’s surface – and it’s speeding up.
There’s a jet stream in our core

We would normally associate jet streams with the weather but, thanks to ESA’s magnetic field mission, scientists have discovered a jet stream deep below Earth’s surface – and it’s speeding up.
Avalanche Statistics Identify Intrinsic Stellar Processes near Criticality in KIC 8462852
Author(s): Mohammed A. Sheikh, Richard L. Weaver, and Karin A. Dahmen
A statistical analysis links a star’s mysterious brightness fluctuations to internal nonequilibrium phenomena, rather than structures orbiting around the star.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 261101] Published Mon Dec 19, 2016
Avalanche Statistics Identify Intrinsic Stellar Processes near Criticality in KIC 8462852
Author(s): Mohammed A. Sheikh, Richard L. Weaver, and Karin A. Dahmen
A statistical analysis links a star’s mysterious brightness fluctuations to internal nonequilibrium phenomena, rather than structures orbiting around the star.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 261101] Published Mon Dec 19, 2016
Twinkle twinkle
Space Science Image of the Week: A familiar galaxy pair takes on an unusual appearance with bright points and delicate rays
An alternative derivation of canonical distribution as a result of irreversible processes in macrosystems
This paper shows that when students are introduced to the derivation of one of the most important
physical formulas—the canonical distribution—they are exposed to assumptions which may be confusing
because they contradict physical reality. The pa…
An alternative derivation of canonical distribution as a result of irreversible processes in macrosystems
This paper shows that when students are introduced to the derivation of one of the most important
physical formulas—the canonical distribution—they are exposed to assumptions which may be confusing
because they contradict physical reality. The pa…
New NASA Hurricane Tracking Mission on Track
NASA confirmed all eight spacecraft of its new Earth science mission, which will provide advanced technology to see inside tropical storms and hurricanes, are in good shape.
New NASA Hurricane Tracking Mission on Track
NASA confirmed all eight spacecraft of its new Earth science mission, which will provide advanced technology to see inside tropical storms and hurricanes, are in good shape.
Spacewalk for Thomas Pesquet
ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet will be the 11th European to perform a spacewalk when he ventures outside the International Space Station next month.
Lasting up to seven hours on 13 January, its goal is to ensure the power supply of the Inte…
Spacewalk for Thomas Pesquet
ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet will be the 11th European to perform a spacewalk when he ventures outside the International Space Station next month.
Lasting up to seven hours on 13 January, its goal is to ensure the power supply of the Inte…
Direct Measurement of the Critical Pore Size in a Model Membrane
Author(s): Mark Ilton, Christian DiMaria, and Kari Dalnoki-VeressPores in a polymer film are observed to evolve in size depending on their initial radius.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 257801] Published Fri Dec 16, 2016
Role of Entropy in the Expulsion of Dopants from Optically Trapped Colloidal Assemblies
Author(s): Hreedish Kakoty, Rajarshi Banerjee, Chandan Dasgupta, and Ambarish GhoshColloidal clusters can both expel or internalize particles that differ in shape or size from those in the cluster, with the fate of the dopant depending on the entropy o…
Direct Measurement of the Critical Pore Size in a Model Membrane
Author(s): Mark Ilton, Christian DiMaria, and Kari Dalnoki-VeressPores in a polymer film are observed to evolve in size depending on their initial radius.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 257801] Published Fri Dec 16, 2016
Role of Entropy in the Expulsion of Dopants from Optically Trapped Colloidal Assemblies
Author(s): Hreedish Kakoty, Rajarshi Banerjee, Chandan Dasgupta, and Ambarish GhoshColloidal clusters can both expel or internalize particles that differ in shape or size from those in the cluster, with the fate of the dopant depending on the entropy o…
Season’s greetings
Send an out-of-this-world e-card to your friends
Week In Images
Our week through the lens: 12-16 December 2016
Full go-ahead for building ExoMars 2020
The first ExoMars mission arrived at the Red Planet in October and now the second mission has been confirmed to complete its construction for a 2020 launch.
Full go-ahead for building ExoMars 2020
The first ExoMars mission arrived at the Red Planet in October and now the second mission has been confirmed to complete its construction for a 2020 launch.
Skimming an alien atmosphere

After the smooth arrival of ESA’s latest Mars orbiter, mission controllers are now preparing it for the ultimate challenge: dipping into the Red Planet’s atmosphere to reach its final orbit.
Skimming an alien atmosphere

After the smooth arrival of ESA’s latest Mars orbiter, mission controllers are now preparing it for the ultimate challenge: dipping into the Red Planet’s atmosphere to reach its final orbit.
Cassini dives through Saturn’s rings
New phase of the mission to sample ring material and make most detailed images yet
Amateur astronomers discover a binary pulsar system on crowdsourced technology
Astronomers have confirmed a rare pulsar system using Einstein@home and the power of personal computers
Ceres holding onto water and really doesn’t want to let it go
Trapped not-so-deep in the dwarf planet is ice, ice, and more ice.
Intel acquires ESA incubator company

There are thousands of drone companies out there, but Intel has chosen to acquire Mavinci, a start-up from one of ESA’s business incubators in Germany that has developed an easy-to-use system for land surveillance.
Intel acquires ESA incubator company

There are thousands of drone companies out there, but Intel has chosen to acquire Mavinci, a start-up from one of ESA’s business incubators in Germany that has developed an easy-to-use system for land surveillance.
Are planets like those in ‘Star Wars: Rogue One’ really out there? NASA plans to find out
In the “Star Wars” universe, ice, ocean and desert planets burst from the darkness as your ship drops out of light speed. But these worlds might be more than science fiction.
Where is the Ice on Ceres? New NASA Dawn Findings
At first glance, Ceres, the largest body in the main asteroid belt, may not look icy.
Are planets like those in ‘Star Wars: Rogue One’ really out there? NASA plans to find out
In the “Star Wars” universe, ice, ocean and desert planets burst from the darkness as your ship drops out of light speed. But these worlds might be more than science fiction.
Where is the Ice on Ceres? New NASA Dawn Findings
At first glance, Ceres, the largest body in the main asteroid belt, may not look icy.
Solving the Hierarchy Problem at Reheating with a Large Number of Degrees of Freedom
Author(s): Nima Arkani-Hamed, Timothy Cohen, Raffaele Tito D’Agnolo, Anson Hook, Hyung Do Kim, and David Pinner
A new approach to solve the hierarchy problem—that the electroweak and Planck scales differ by 17 orders of magnitude—invokes a large number of copies of the Standard Model.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 251801] Published Thu Dec 15, 2016
Diffusiophoretic Focusing of Suspended Colloids
Author(s): Nan Shi, Rodrigo Nery-Azevedo, Amr I. Abdel-Fattah, and Todd M. Squires
A new microfluidic device enables the study of diffusiophoresis—migration of colloids in response to concentration gradients in the fluid—when both salt and pH gradients are present.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 258001] Published Thu Dec 15, 2016
Diffusiophoretic Focusing of Suspended Colloids
Author(s): Nan Shi, Rodrigo Nery-Azevedo, Amr I. Abdel-Fattah, and Todd M. Squires
A new microfluidic device enables the study of diffusiophoresis—migration of colloids in response to concentration gradients in the fluid—when both salt and pH gradients are present.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 258001] Published Thu Dec 15, 2016
Solving the Hierarchy Problem at Reheating with a Large Number of Degrees of Freedom
Author(s): Nima Arkani-Hamed, Timothy Cohen, Raffaele Tito D’Agnolo, Anson Hook, Hyung Do Kim, and David Pinner
A new approach to solve the hierarchy problem—that the electroweak and Planck scales differ by 17 orders of magnitude—invokes a large number of copies of the Standard Model.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 251801] Published Thu Dec 15, 2016
Rosetta’s last words: science descending to a comet

ESA’s Rosetta completed its incredible mission on 30 September, collecting unprecedented images and data right until the moment of contact with the comet’s surface.
Rosetta’s last words: science descending to a comet

ESA’s Rosetta completed its incredible mission on 30 September, collecting unprecedented images and data right until the moment of contact with the comet’s surface.
Who really discovered Jupiter’s four large moons?
The tale of Simon Marius and the fight to find the true claimant to the Galilean moons.
Earth from Space

Join us Friday, 16 December, at 10:00 CET for the ‘Earth from Space’ video programme. This week we explore the Spanish province of Seville
Galileo begins serving the globe

Europe’s own Galileo satellite navigation system has begun operating, with the satellites in space delivering positioning, navigation and timing information to users around the globe.
Forces between permanent magnets: experiments and model
This work describes a very simple, low-cost experimental setup designed for measuring the force
between permanent magnets. The experiment consists of placing one of the magnets on a balance,
attaching the other magnet to a vertical height gauge, alig…
Understanding first-year students’ curiosity and interest about physics—lessons learned from the HOPE project
This paper focuses on results of an interview based survey of first-year university physics
students, carried out within the EU Horizons in Physics Education (HOPE) project (
http://hopenetwork.eu/ [http://hopenetwork.eu/] ). 94 interviews conducted …
Measuring the Earth’s magnetic field dip angle using a smartphone-aided setup: a simple experiment for introductory physics laboratories
Measurement of the Earth’s magnetic field dip angle is a widely used experiment in most introductory
physics laboratories. In this paper we propose a smartphone-aided setup that takes advantage of the
smartphone’s magnetometer sensor to measure t…
Forces between permanent magnets: experiments and model
This work describes a very simple, low-cost experimental setup designed for measuring the force
between permanent magnets. The experiment consists of placing one of the magnets on a balance,
attaching the other magnet to a vertical height gauge, alig…
Understanding first-year students’ curiosity and interest about physics—lessons learned from the HOPE project
This paper focuses on results of an interview based survey of first-year university physics
students, carried out within the EU Horizons in Physics Education (HOPE) project (
http://hopenetwork.eu/ [http://hopenetwork.eu/] ). 94 interviews conducted …
Measuring the Earth’s magnetic field dip angle using a smartphone-aided setup: a simple experiment for introductory physics laboratories
Measurement of the Earth’s magnetic field dip angle is a widely used experiment in most introductory
physics laboratories. In this paper we propose a smartphone-aided setup that takes advantage of the
smartphone’s magnetometer sensor to measure t…
Linear Magnetoresistance in a Quasifree Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in an Ultrahigh Mobility GaAs Quantum Well
Author(s): T. Khouri, U. Zeitler, C. Reichl, W. Wegscheider, N. E. Hussey, S. Wiedmann, and J. C. Maan
Charge density variations may be behind an unusual magnetic response seen in topological insulators and other novel materials.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 256601] Published Wed Dec 14, 2016
Observation of Half-Quantum Vortices in Topological Superfluid ^{3} He
Author(s): S. Autti, V. V. Dmitriev, J. T. Mäkinen, A. A. Soldatov, G. E. Volovik, A. N. Yudin, V. V. Zavjalov, and V. B. Eltsov
Researchers working with superfluid helium in a porous medium have generated vortices with half the quantum unit of fluid flow.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 255301] Published Wed Dec 14, 2016
Linear Magnetoresistance in a Quasifree Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in an Ultrahigh Mobility GaAs Quantum Well
Author(s): T. Khouri, U. Zeitler, C. Reichl, W. Wegscheider, N. E. Hussey, S. Wiedmann, and J. C. Maan
Charge density variations may be behind an unusual magnetic response seen in topological insulators and other novel materials.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 256601] Published Wed Dec 14, 2016
Observation of Half-Quantum Vortices in Topological Superfluid ^{3} He
Author(s): S. Autti, V. V. Dmitriev, J. T. Mäkinen, A. A. Soldatov, G. E. Volovik, A. N. Yudin, V. V. Zavjalov, and V. B. Eltsov
Researchers working with superfluid helium in a porous medium have generated vortices with half the quantum unit of fluid flow.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 255301] Published Wed Dec 14, 2016
Stork capture

Human spaceflight and robotic exploration image of the week: Grabbing Japan’s supply spaceship with Space Station’s robotic arm
Soupy mix of minerals a ‘jackpot’ on Mars
Today, the Red Planet is a dry, dusty landscape devoid of hospitable environments, but the Mars of yesteryear, evidence suggests, was a far more forgiving place.
Recent findings from the Curiosity rover indicate that the clay and mineral deposits on th…
Mars Rock-Ingredient Stew Seen as Plus for Habitability
NASA’s Curiosity rover finds evidence of how changes in ancient Mars lakes and wet underground environments, billions of years ago, affected favorability for microbial life.
NASA Releases New Eye-Popping View of Carbon Dioxide
Follow the movement of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere in a new NASA visualization created using data from JPL’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 satellite.
Juno Captures Jupiter ‘Pearl’
A new image from NASA’s Juno spacecraft highlights the seventh of Jupiter’s eight ‘string of pearls’ — huge counterclockwise rotating storms that appear as white ovals.
Juno String of Pearls
A new image from NASA’s Juno spacecraft highlights the seventh of Jupiter’s eight ‘string of pearls’ — huge counterclockwise rotating storms that appear as white ovals.
NASA Releases New Eye-Popping View of Carbon Dioxide
Follow the movement of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere in a new NASA visualization created using data from JPL’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 satellite.
Mars Rock-Ingredient Stew Seen as Plus for Habitability
NASA’s Curiosity rover finds evidence of how changes in ancient Mars lakes and wet underground environments, billions of years ago, affected favorability for microbial life.
Molecular Fountain
Author(s): Cunfeng Cheng, Aernout P. P. van der Poel, Paul Jansen, Marina Quintero-Pérez, Thomas E. Wall, Wim Ubachs, and Hendrick L. Bethlem
Gas molecules can be slowed down, cooled, and made to erupt like a fountain using electric fields, enabling their study over unprecedentedly long time scales.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 253201] Published Tue Dec 13, 2016
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Entanglement of Narrow-Band Photons from Cold Atoms
Author(s): Jong-Chan Lee, Kwang-Kyoon Park, Tian-Ming Zhao, and Yoon-Ho KimPosition-momentum entanglement is achieved in narrowband photons generated from cold atoms via spontaneous four-wave mixing.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 250501] Published Tue Dec 13, …
Experimental Demonstration of a Resonator-Induced Phase Gate in a Multiqubit Circuit-QED System
Author(s): Hanhee Paik, A. Mezzacapo, Martin Sandberg, D. T. McClure, B. Abdo, A. D. Córcoles, O. Dial, D. F. Bogorin, B. L. T. Plourde, M. Steffen, A. W. Cross, J. M. Gambetta, and Jerry M. Chow
A quantum phase gate that reduces the need for frequency matching is implemented using four superconducting qubits in a three-dimensional architecture, overcoming a scaling hurdle for these devices.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 250502] Published Tue Dec 13, 2016
Tunable Ultrafast Thermal Relaxation in Graphene Measured by Continuous-Wave Photomixing
Author(s): M. Mehdi Jadidi, Ryan J. Suess, Cheng Tan, Xinghan Cai, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Andrei B. Sushkov, Martin Mittendorff, James Hone, H. Dennis Drew, Michael S. Fuhrer, and Thomas E. MurphyThe speed and nonlinearity of hot electrons …
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Entanglement of Narrow-Band Photons from Cold Atoms
Author(s): Jong-Chan Lee, Kwang-Kyoon Park, Tian-Ming Zhao, and Yoon-Ho KimPosition-momentum entanglement is achieved in narrowband photons generated from cold atoms via spontaneous four-wave mixing.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 250501] Published Tue Dec 13, …
Tunable Ultrafast Thermal Relaxation in Graphene Measured by Continuous-Wave Photomixing
Author(s): M. Mehdi Jadidi, Ryan J. Suess, Cheng Tan, Xinghan Cai, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Andrei B. Sushkov, Martin Mittendorff, James Hone, H. Dennis Drew, Michael S. Fuhrer, and Thomas E. MurphyThe speed and nonlinearity of hot electrons …
Molecular Fountain
Author(s): Cunfeng Cheng, Aernout P. P. van der Poel, Paul Jansen, Marina Quintero-Pérez, Thomas E. Wall, Wim Ubachs, and Hendrick L. Bethlem
Gas molecules can be slowed down, cooled, and made to erupt like a fountain using electric fields, enabling their study over unprecedentedly long time scales.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 253201] Published Tue Dec 13, 2016
Experimental Demonstration of a Resonator-Induced Phase Gate in a Multiqubit Circuit-QED System
Author(s): Hanhee Paik, A. Mezzacapo, Martin Sandberg, D. T. McClure, B. Abdo, A. D. Córcoles, O. Dial, D. F. Bogorin, B. L. T. Plourde, M. Steffen, A. W. Cross, J. M. Gambetta, and Jerry M. Chow
A quantum phase gate that reduces the need for frequency matching is implemented using four superconducting qubits in a three-dimensional architecture, overcoming a scaling hurdle for these devices.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 250502] Published Tue Dec 13, 2016
Stony meteorites reveal the timing of Jupiter’s migration
The gas giant caused iron-vaporizing collisions in the asteroid belt 5 million years ago.
This solar system could tell us how Earth may evolve
An old star may be a sneak peak at what Earth will be like in the future
Comment on ‘Lorentz covariance ‘almost’ implies electromagnetism and more’
It is shown that the theory presented in a recently published paper by Sobouti (2015 Eur. J. Phys.
36 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/36/6/065036] 065036 ) allows for a straightforward
development of Maxwell’s equations from Coulomb’s law. T…
Spatial variation of the magnetic field inside laminar flows of a perfect conductive fluid
The steady state of a perfect conductive fluid in laminar flow resulting from the ‘Hall effect’ is
studied. Using the Maxwell equations, the spatial variation of the magnetic field in the steady
state is calculated for three cases of different fl…
The macroscopic pancake bounce
We demonstrate that the so-called pancake bounce of millimetric water droplets on surfaces patterned
with hydrophobic posts (Liu et al 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 [http://https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2980] 515
) can be reproduced on larger scales. In our expe…
Combinatorial approach to exactly solve the 1D Ising model
The Ising model is a well known statistical model which can be solved exactly by various methods.
The most familiar one is the transfer matrix method. Sometimes it can be difficult to approach the
open boundary case rather than periodic boundary ones…
Reviews
Description unavailable
The macroscopic pancake bounce
We demonstrate that the so-called pancake bounce of millimetric water droplets on surfaces patterned
with hydrophobic posts (Liu et al 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 [http://https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2980] 515
) can be reproduced on larger scales. In our expe…
Combinatorial approach to exactly solve the 1D Ising model
The Ising model is a well known statistical model which can be solved exactly by various methods.
The most familiar one is the transfer matrix method. Sometimes it can be difficult to approach the
open boundary case rather than periodic boundary ones…
Comment on ‘Lorentz covariance ‘almost’ implies electromagnetism and more’
It is shown that the theory presented in a recently published paper by Sobouti (2015 Eur. J. Phys.
36 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/36/6/065036] 065036 ) allows for a straightforward
development of Maxwell’s equations from Coulomb’s law. T…
Spatial variation of the magnetic field inside laminar flows of a perfect conductive fluid
The steady state of a perfect conductive fluid in laminar flow resulting from the ‘Hall effect’ is
studied. Using the Maxwell equations, the spatial variation of the magnetic field in the steady
state is calculated for three cases of different fl…
Reviews
Description unavailable
NASA Technology is all Around You
From GoPros to self-driving tractors, many industries are benefitting from JPL technology.
NASA/USGS Provide Global View of Speed of Ice
Glaciers and ice sheets move in unique patterns, as evidenced by a new capability that uses satellites to map ice flow speeds in Greenland, Antarctica and mountain ranges.
Earth’s Magnetic Fields Could Track Ocean Heat: NASA
As Earth warms, much of the extra heat is stored in the planet’s ocean — but monitoring the magnitude of that heat content is a difficult task.
Earth’s Magnetic Fields Could Track Ocean Heat: NASA
As Earth warms, much of the extra heat is stored in the planet’s ocean — but monitoring the magnitude of that heat content is a difficult task.
NASA/USGS Provide Global View of Speed of Ice
Glaciers and ice sheets move in unique patterns, as evidenced by a new capability that uses satellites to map ice flow speeds in Greenland, Antarctica and mountain ranges.