By employing the angular momentum and mechanical energy theorems, we analyse the increase of the
angular velocity for an ice skater who changes his arms, initially in an horizontal position, along
the axis of the body, first with respect to the lab f…
Black Hole Has Major Flare
The baffling and strange behaviors of black holes have become somewhat less mysterious, with new observations from two NASA missions.
Celebrating rebirth

Human spaceflight and operations image of the week: All Hallows’ Eve celebrates the cycle of destruction and rebirth, which our Cluster mission knows well
Cell Chirality Induces Collective Cell Migration in Epithelial Sheets
Author(s): Katsuhiko Sato, Tetsuya Hiraiwa, and Tatsuo ShibataA model of cell migration shows how cell chirality can lead to unidirectional motion of a group of cells.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 188102] Published Tue Oct 27, 2015
Black hole has major flare
Two space telescopes caught a supermassive black hole in the midst of a giant eruption of X-ray light, helping astronomers address an ongoing puzzle: How do supermassive black holes flare?
Scientists predict that rocky planets formed from “pebbles”
Understanding why Mars is smaller than expected has frustrated scientists’ modeling efforts for decades.
Exploring the seas, thanks to space
An underwater robot initially built to help astronauts train for life in weightlessness is now being tested in the Mediterranean Sea. One day, robots like this may carry out sophisticated missions on our ocean floors, from finding lost air…
High-Tech Methods Study Bacteria on the International Space Station
Researchers used cutting-edge technology to analyze bacteria present on the International Space Station and compare it to controlled clean rooms on Earth.
Dawn Mission Status Report Dawn Heads Toward Final Orbit
NASA’s Dawn spacecraft fired up its ion engine on Friday, Oct. 23, to begin its journey toward its fourth and final science orbit at dwarf planet Ceres.
Seven Key Facts About Cassini’s Oct. 28 ‘Plume Dive’
Facts to help you understand what Cassini’s upcoming Enceladus flyby is all about.
Widely Tunable Two-Color Free-Electron Laser on a Storage Ring
Author(s): Y. K. Wu, J. Yan, H. Hao, J. Y. Li, S. F. Mikhailov, V. G. Popov, N. A. Vinokurov, S. Huang, and J. Wu
A two color free electron laser with simultaneous infrared and ultraviolet lasing is demonstrated using the electron storage ring at Duke University.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 184801] Published Mon Oct 26, 2015
Gravitational Waves from a Dark Phase Transition
Author(s): Pedro SchwallerA first order phase transition in the early Universe is shown to be generic to a large class of composite dark matter models. This phase transition may result in detectable gravitational wave signals.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 181…
A spooky skyscape
Space Science Image of the Week: An intense burst of charged particles from the Sun created this eerie celestial display, captured in the skies above Norway
Scientists predict space debris will burn up in Earth’s atmosphere next month
Catalina Sky Survey observations allowed scientists to spot the object, which looks more like space junk than a natural body.
Hubble spies Big Bang frontiers
Some of these galaxies formed just 600 million years after the Big Bang and are fainter than any other galaxy yet uncovered by Hubble.
Charter marks 15 years
The International Charter Space and Major Disasters celebrates 15 years of free access to the best-available satellite images
Fuel Additive Could Lead to Safer Jet Fuel
A new study describes polymers that could potentially increase the safety of aviation fuel, both during transportation and in the event of a collision.
Climate Cube

Displaying the essential role satellites play in monitoring our changing world, the Climate Cube on the Champs-Elysées in Paris was inaugurated in the presence of ESA’s Director General Jan Woerner
Semivisible Jets: Dark Matter Undercover at the LHC
Author(s): Timothy Cohen, Mariangela Lisanti, and Hou Keong Lou
Models of dark matter that include dark-sector particles with strong coupling could have evaded LHC searches due to jets of strongly interacting particles that mask their “missing energy” signatures.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 171804] Published Fri Oct 23, 2015
Detecting Stealth Dark Matter Directly through Electromagnetic Polarizability
Author(s): T. Appelquist, E. Berkowitz, R. C. Brower, M. I. Buchoff, G. T. Fleming, X.-Y. Jin, J. Kiskis, G. D. Kribs, E. T. Neil, J. C. Osborn, C. Rebbi, E. Rinaldi, D. Schaich, C. Schroeder, S. Syritsyn, P. Vranas, E. Weinberg, and O. Witzel (Lattice Strong Dynamics (LSD) Collaboration)
Lattice gauge theory computations provide bounds on detecting composite dark matter in direct detection experiments.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 171803] Published Fri Oct 23, 2015
Week In Images
Our week through the lens: 19-23 October 2015
Last of Pluto’s moons — mysterious Kerberos — revealed by New Horizons
Pluto’s moon Kerberos appears to be smaller than scientists expected and has a highly reflective surface, which suggests it’s coated with relatively clean water ice.
Reentry data will help improve prediction models

A rare reentry of a suspected rocket body from a very high orbit next month offers an excellent opportunity to gather data to improve our knowledge of how objects interact with Earth’s atmosphere.
Demonstrating Martian gravity
The surface gravity on Mars is smaller than the surface gravity on Earth, resulting in longer
falling times. This effect can be simulated on Earth by taking advantage of air resistance and
buoyancy, which cause low density objects to fall slowly enou…
Lucky Luke—the man who shoots faster than his shadow
The famous motto of the Lucky Luke comics series and its accompanying drawing are analyzed from a
physicist’s viewpoint. They provide useful pedagogical tools to discuss such aspects of relativity
as causality, the equivalence principle, gravitatio…
Humphrey Davy and the safety lamp: the use of metal gauze as a flame barrier
The ‘safety lamp’ invented by Humphrey Davy in 1815 utilised the cooling effect of metal gauze to
prevent the flame of a candle or oil lamp (essential for illumination in mines) from passing through
such a screen. It is therefore rendered unable …
On the Poggendorff experiment
Poggendorff showed experimentally, in the middle of the 19th century, that the weight of an Atwood
machine is reduced when it is brought to motion. His experiment has been revisited from time to
time, making use of instrumentation that reflects the t…
Teaching about mechanical waves and sound with a tuning fork and the Sun
Literature in Physics Education has shown that students encounter many difficulties in understanding
wave propagation. Such difficulties lead to misconceptions also in understanding sound, often used
as context to teach wave propagation. To address t…
From the pinhole camera to the shape of a lens: the camera-obscura reloaded
We demonstrate how the form of a plano-convex lens and a derivation of the thin lens equation can be
understood through simple physical considerations. The basic principle is the extension of the
pinhole camera using additional holes. The resulting i…
Inertia—the question
What happens when a large mass is placed between an impacting force and fragile item? This is
investigated using a nail, tree trunk and plastic cups.
More about the puzzle of a marble in a spinning pipe
What trajectory in the laboratory frame does a marble follow if it is held inside a freely rotating
pipe and then suddenly released so that it can slide frictionlessly outward along the pipe? A
previously published solution is only valid for a pipe o…
Liquid in accelerated motion
What happens to a liquid in a swing or a loop? Accelerated motions lead to effects that may seem
surprising. Consider a liquid in a glass placed on a wooden triangle, in turn attached to a string
and moving fast in circle a vertical plane. The surfac…
Gay-Lussac experiment
In this paper, we present a low-cost method to study the Gay-Lussac’s law. We use a heating wire
wrapped around the test tube to heat the air inside and make use of a solid state pressure sensor
which requires a previous calibration to measure the …
‘Slowing’ mechanical waves with a consumer-type high-speed digital camera
In most secondary physics textbooks, waves are first introduced with examples of mechanical waves
because they can be illustrated by drawings and photographs. However, these illustrations are static
and cannot reflect the dynamic nature of waves. Alt…
In the red shadow of the Earth
A technique is described for calculating the brightness of the atmosphere of the Earth that shines
into the Earth’s umbra during a total lunar eclipse making the Moon red. This ‘Rim of Fire’ is due
to refracted un scattered light from all the s…
A mechanical model of the smartphone’s accelerometer
To increase the attention of students, several physics experiments can be performed at school, as
well as at home, by using smartphones as laboratory tools. In this paper, we describe a mechanical
model of the smartphone’s accelerometer, which can …
A laborative model of geomagnetism as an example of creative learning
Creative learning is discussed with respect to a specific physics topic. A teaching example, based
on an apparatus that demonstrates the standard dynamo model of geomagnetism, is presented. It
features many of the basic physics concepts within the sy…
Paper clip mystery—the answer
In my article (Featonby 2015 Phys. Educ . 50 641) a paperclip on a cotton thread was lowered towards
a string magnet, but what happened and why?
Learning aids for students taking physics
If a person has ‘a problem’ to solve and knows the solution and just has to apply it (retrieve it
from memory and re-act), it is not a problem—it is a task; if a person does not know the solution
and has to create it—this is a problem. Using …
Reviews
Description unavailable
Capacitive cells for dielectric constant measurement
A simple capacitive cell for dielectric constant measurement in liquids is presented. As an
illustrative application, the cell is used for measuring the degradation of overheated edible oil
through the evaluation of their dielectric constant.
Measuring the speed of sound in water
This paper begins with an early measurement of the speed of sound in water. A historical overview of
the consequent development of SONAR and medical imaging is given. A method of measuring the speed
suitable for demonstration to year 10 students is d…
Static electric field mapping using a mosquito racket and baby oil
The aim of this research was to design a simple experimental device to see electric field force
lines using common components which are readily available in everyday life. A solution of baby oil
was placed in a plastic container, 4.5 × 4.5…
Solar current output as a function of sun elevation: students as toolmakers
Solar current is an increasingly important aspect of modern life and will be even more so crucial in
the students’ future. Encouraging students to be the ‘toolmakers’ allows students to take ownership
of scientific investigations, as well as fo…
Comment on ‘The teaching of mechanics: some criticisms, and suggestions for a rational approach’
The approach to the treatment of mass in relativistic mechanics advocated in the article by Keith
Atkin in the January 2015 issue of Physics Education (2015 Phys. Educ . 50 46) conflicts with the
viewpoint promoted of many eminent physicists for over…
Why low bounce balls exhibit high rolling resistance
A simple experiment is described to measure the coefficient of rolling friction for a low bounce
ball rolling on a horizontal surface. As observed previously by others, the coefficient increased
with rolling speed. The energy loss due to rolling fric…
NASA Calls for American Industry Ideas on ARM Spacecraft Development
NASA, through JPL, has issued a call to American industry for innovative ideas involving the Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission.
NASA Teleconference to Preview Historic Flyby of Saturn Moon
NASA’s Cassini spacecraft will sample an extraterrestrial ocean next week when it flies directly through a plume of icy spray from Enceladus. A news telecon on Monday, Oct. 26, will preview the event.
Magnetoinfrared Spectroscopy of Landau Levels and Zeeman Splitting of Three-Dimensional Massless Dirac Fermions in ZrTe_{5}
Author(s): R. Y. Chen, Z. G. Chen, X.-Y. Song, J. A. Schneeloch, G. D. Gu, F. Wang, and N. L. Wang
Signatures of massless Dirac fermions have been observed in a new candidate three-dimensional Dirac semimetal.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 176404] Published Thu Oct 22, 2015
Earth from Space

Join us Friday, 23 October, at 10:00 CEST for the ‘Earth from Space’ video programme. This week features a Sentinel-2A image of Mexico City
Final kiss of two stars heading for catastrophe
The two stars in the extreme system VFTS 352 could be heading for a dramatic end, during which the two stars either coalesce to create a single giant star or form a binary black hole.
Cosmic “death star” is destroying a planet
Astronomers have spotted a large rocky object disintegrating in its death spiral around a distant white dwarf star.
African high point
Technology image of the week: the glacier topping Africa’s Mount Kilimanjaro, imaged by Proba-V minisatellite
Navigation winners
Starting with 515 ideas from 40 countries in this year’s European Satellite Navigation Competition, 37 winners were announced in Berlin
Füüsika õpetajate sügisseminar Voorel 2015
6.-7. novembril toimub kolmas füüsikaõpetajate sügisseminar Voorel, Jõgevamaal www.voorepuhkekeskus.ee. Rõhuasetus on praktilistel asjadel: Õpitubades tehakse läbi olümpiaadi praktilisi töid, kasutatakse mõõtmiseks äppe, tutvutakse teleskoopide tööga (juhendajad Koit Timpmann, Eero Uustalu, Riina Murulaid, Siim Oks); Rühmatöödes uuritakse katsekomplekte (ja mitte ainult Vernier komplekte!) ja nende kasutamisvõimalusi. Kuidas tunde efektiivsemalt ette valmistada? Teadusest, õppimisest, õpetamisest räägivad Indrek Tallo (TÜ), Toomas […]
Uppumine Titanicuga
„Titanicu” filmis ütleb Jack Dawson (Leonardo DiCaprio) Rose DeWitt Bukaterile (Kate Winslet), kui ahter hakkab vajuma, et naine oleks valmis ujuma, sest uppuv laevakere tõmbaks nad meresügavikku. Kas see tõmbefenomen tekib ka päriselt? Ja kui, siis miks? Franco Bagnoli astronoomiaosakond ning keerulise dünaamika uurimiskeskus, Firenze ülikool, Itaalia, franco.bagnoli@unifi.it, DOI: 10.1051/epn/2015205 Tõmme tekib kindlasti. Oma mälestustes [1] kirjeldab […]
Pakatavad rahasalved ehk jää ja vee struktuur
Carl Barksi klassikalises koomiksis „Suur rahasalv Seisaku mäel“ [1] täidab Onu Robert, järgides Piilupart Donaldi nõuannet, oma rahasalve veega, et seda Penipoiste eest kaitsta. Kahjuks juhtub see olema üks Pardilinna külmemaid öid. Vesi jäätub ja lõhub varasalve kolme meetri paksused seinad. Selle tulemusel pääseb valla hiiglaslik rahaga täidetud jääkamakas, mis libiseb mäest alla otse Penipoiste […]
Borneo on Fire
Thick smoke from the worst forest fires in nearly two decades blankets the island of Borneo in an Oct. 14 satellite image from NASA’s MISR instrument.
NASA Spots the ‘Great Pumpkin’: Halloween Asteroid a Treat for Radar Astronomers
NASA scientists are tracking the upcoming Halloween flyby of an asteroid with optical observatories and radar capabilities of the Deep Space Network at Goldstone, California.
NASA’s K2 Finds Dead Star Vaporizing a Mini ‘Planet’
A tiny, rocky object is likely being torn apart as it spirals around a white dwarf star.
Landing site recommended for ExoMars 2018
Oxia Planum has been recommended as the primary candidate for the landing site of the ExoMars 2018 mission.
X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Reveals Intermittent Aging Dynamics in a Metallic Glass
Author(s): Zach Evenson, Beatrice Ruta, Simon Hechler, Moritz Stolpe, Eloi Pineda, Isabella Gallino, and Ralf BuschAging in metallic glasses occurs via intermittent rearrangements of the atoms and is not a steady, continuous process as previously thoug…
Scientist gives “outlaw” particles less room to hide
Scientists used a giant particle detector at the South Pole to test whether the highest-energy neutrinos violate Einstein’s relativity theory by traveling faster than light.
First discovery of a magnetic field in a normal delta Scuti star
These stars are pulsating stars, some of which show signatures attributed to a second type of pulsations.
Knee problems
Human spaceflight and operations image of the week: Scanning knees to reveal cartilage health in space and on Earth
NASA Study Improves Understanding of LA Quake Risks
A new NASA-led analysis of a moderate earthquake that shook Greater Los Angeles in 2014 offers new insights into the potential for future earthquakes in the region.
30 million views
We’re proud to have passed a big milestone on our YouTube channel – thanks for watching!
Nonanalyticity, Valley Quantum Phases, and Lightlike Exciton Dispersion in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Theory and First-Principles Calculations
Author(s): Diana Y. Qiu, Ting Cao, and Steven G. LouieAn ab-initio calculation shows that excitons in a monolayer of the transition metal dichalcogenide MoS2 exhibit an unusual low-energy dispersion pattern.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 176801] Published Tue …
Electron Microscopy of Probability Currents at Atomic Resolution
Author(s): A. Lubk, A. Béché, and J. Verbeeck
A commercial electron microscope is reconfigured to image crystalline strain and variations in electric and magnetic fields within a material.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 176101] Published Tue Oct 20, 2015
Climate Cube in Paris

The Climate Cube sitting on the Champs-Elysées focuses on how vital satellites are for understanding climate change, and how space is playing a major role in climate research and climate change mitigation
The IBEX spacecraft sets the “gold standard” for understanding the interstellar material surrounding our solar system
Data confirm that the local interstellar flow of helium atoms is significantly hotter than believed previously and provide insight into the direction the heliosphere is moving, as well as how fast it is traveling.
Most Earth-like worlds have yet to be born, according to theoretical study
When our solar system was born 4.6 billion years ago, only eight percent of the potentially habitable planets that will ever form in the universe existed.
News and Features – NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory 2015-10-19 22:10:00
JPL Launches Enhanced Education Website
JPL’s education office has relaunched its website with new capabilities and offerings for formal and informal educators, K-12 students and aspiring JPL interns and fellows.
Evidence of Branching Phenomena in Current-Driven Ionization Waves
Author(s): Keith T. K. Loebner, Thomas C. Underwood, and Mark A. Cappelli
Magnetohydrodynamic ionization waves generated by pulsed currents in a Lorentz force plasma accelerator mimic the behavior of classical combustion-driven shocks.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 175001] Published Mon Oct 19, 2015
Dynamical Quasicondensation of Hard-Core Bosons at Finite Momenta
Author(s): L. Vidmar, J. P. Ronzheimer, M. Schreiber, S. Braun, S. S. Hodgman, S. Langer, F. Heidrich-Meisner, I. Bloch, and U. Schneider
The spontaneous emergence of long-range quantum order, normally the preserve of low-temperature equilibrium states, has been observed in an expanding cloud of potassium atoms.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 175301] Published Mon Oct 19, 2015
Saturn and Dione

Space Science Image of the Week: Saturn’s moon Dione, viewed from the Cassini orbiter, crossing the face of its parent planet
Dust particles from afar
25 years ago, the Ulysses spacecraft was launched into space and now, for the first time, its complete set of measurements of interstellar dust has been analyzed.
Study questions dates for cataclysms on early Moon, Earth
Zircons are used to date some of the earliest and most dramatic cataclysms of the solar system, but a study of zircons from a gigantic meteorite impact in South Africa casts doubt on the methods used to date lunar impacts.
Hubble Maps Show Jupiter Changes and Prepare for Juno
New Hubble Jupiter views are helping scientists monitor the giant planet and prepare for NASA’s Juno mission, which will arrive there next year.
Observation of Gravitationally Induced Vertical Striation of Polarized Ultracold Neutrons by Spin-Echo Spectroscopy
Author(s): S. Afach et al.A new technique borrows a trick from MRI scanners to make precise magnetic measurements with cold neutrons.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 162502] Published Fri Oct 16, 2015
High-Fidelity Rapid Initialization and Read-Out of an Electron Spin via the Single Donor D^{−} Charge State
Author(s): T. F. Watson, B. Weber, M. G. House, H. Büch, and M. Y. Simmons
Fast and accurate spin qubit readout is achieved by increasing the tunneling rate of an electron between a single electron transition and a nearby charge sensor.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 166806] Published Fri Oct 16, 2015
Week In Images
Our week through the lens: 12-16 October 2015
Mound near lunar south pole formed by unique volcanic process
The formation, known as Mafic Mound, stands in the middle of a giant impact crater known as the South Pole-Aitken Basin.
Closest northern views of Saturn’s moon Enceladus
The Cassini spacecraft has begun returning its best-ever views of the northern extremes of Saturn’s icy ocean-bearing moon.
ESA’s first technology nanosatellite reporting for duty

ESA’s first technology-testing CubeSat, released last week from the International Space Station, is in good health and is set to start work on its six-month mission.
Closest Northern Views of Saturn’s Moon Enceladus
NASA’s Cassini spacecraft has begun returning its best-ever views of the northern extremes of Saturn’s icy, ocean-bearing moon Enceladus.
Phase-Reference-Free Experiment of Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution
Author(s): Chao Wang, Xiao-Tian Song, Zhen-Qiang Yin, Shuang Wang, Wei Chen, Chun-Mei Zhang, Guang-Can Guo, and Zheng-Fu HanMeasurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is achieved without the two parties having aligned reference f…
Quantum Hilbert Hotel
Author(s): Václav Potoček, Filippo M. Miatto, Mohammad Mirhosseini, Omar S. Magaña-Loaiza, Andreas C. Liapis, Daniel K. L. Oi, Robert W. Boyd, and John Jeffers
An optical experiment realizes one of the room-changing operations in the Hilbert Hotel—a fictitious establishment that illustrates some perplexing properties of infinity.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 160505] Published Thu Oct 15, 2015
Earth from Space

Join us Friday, 16 October, at 10:00 CEST for the ‘Earth from Space’ video programme. This week features a Sentinel-2A image of the Red Sea
Sentinel-3A shows off
Before the latest satellite for Copernicus is packed up and shipped to the Plesetsk cosmodrome in Russia for launch at the end of the year, the media and specialists were given the chance to see this next-generation mission centre-stage in…
To save on weight, a detour to the Moon is the best route to Mars
For a piloted mission to Mars, fueling up on the Moon could streamline cargo by 68 percent.
What smacks into Ceres stays on Ceres
Experiments suggest the surface of Ceres could consist largely of a mish-mash of meteoritic material collected over billions of years of bombardment.
Rover school
Technology image of the week: prototype rovers and landers in ESA’s test environment ‘Mars Yard’
Flash floods in Mangala Valles
Catastrophic flooding triggered by ice melting from the heat of volcanic activity is thought to be responsible for the chaotic scenery depicted in this region of the Mangala Valles channel network.
Space on your mobile
Access our top news stories, videos and images, as well as news in your language, via our new mobile ESA website
Generation of Terahertz Surface Plasmon Polaritons Using Nondiffractive Bessel Beams with Orbital Angular Momentum
Author(s): B. A. Knyazev, Yu. Yu. Choporova, M. S. Mitkov, V. S. Pavelyev, and B. O. Volodkin
Terahertz surface plasmons are realized experimentally via diffraction of a vortex beam from a metal-dielectric interface.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 163901] Published Wed Oct 14, 2015
Checking the Dark Matter Origin of a 3.53 keV Line with the Milky Way Center
Author(s): A. Boyarsky, J. Franse, D. Iakubovskyi, and O. RuchayskiyAn x-ray line observed in the spectra of the Milky Way center is consistent with similar lines detected in other galaxies. The origin of this line is unknown, but its energy fits with …
Jupiter’s changing spot

Looking into Jupiter’s turbulent atmosphere and its famous Great Red Spot with the Hubble telescope
Famous exoplanet scientist steps down after sexually harassing students
A Berkeley investigation found astronomer Geoff Marcy to have sexually harassed students over the course of a decade or more.



