The galaxy belongs to a new class of objects — extremely luminous infrared galaxies.
CryoSat detects sudden ice loss in Southern Antarctic Peninsula

A recent acceleration in ice loss in a previously stable region of Antarctica has been detected by ESA’s ice mission.
Electric field of a point charge in truncated hyperbolic motion
We find the electric field of a point charge in ‘truncated hyperbolic motion’, in which the charge
moves at a constant velocity followed by motion with a constant acceleration in its instantaneous
rest frame. The same Lienard–Wiechert formula h…
Non-quadrature amplitude modulation: a novel interferometric method for phase retrieval
Phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) is a well-known technique used to calculate the phase of a
resulting wavefront. This wavefront is commonly originated from the superposition of a known
reference wavefront with a distorted wavefront, resulting in a…
An investigation into the impact of question structure on the performance of first year physics undergraduate students at the University of Cambridge
We describe a study of the impact of exam question structure on the performance of first year
Natural Sciences physics undergraduates from the University of Cambridge. The results show
conclusively that a student’s performance improves when questio…
Õpilaste füüsikaalaste uurimistööde konkurss 2015
TÜ koolifüüsika keskus ja Eesti Füüsika Selts kuulutavad välja õpilaste füüsikaalaste uurimistööde konkursi. Osalema kutsutakse 8.–12. klassi üldharidus- ja kutsekoolide õpilasi. Hinnatakse: töö teaduslikkust, originaalsust, rakenduslikkust; analüüsi- ja üldistusoskust; vormistuse arusaadavust ja korrektsust; kasutatud kirjanduse ja veebimaterjalide valiku otstarbekust ja viitamise korrektsust. Tööde esitamise tähtaeg on 15. juuni 2015. a. Nõuded uurimistööle Hindamisele kuuluvad õpilasuurimused […]
NASA’s WISE Spacecraft Discovers Most Luminous Galaxy in Universe
A remote galaxy shining with the light of more than 300 trillion suns has been discovered using data from NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).
Martian Reminder of a Pioneering Flight
NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity is studying an elongated crater called “Spirit of St. Louis” and a rock spire called “Lindbergh Mound” within the crater.
Helicons in Unbounded Plasmas
Author(s): R. L. Stenzel and J. M. Urrutia
The plasma waves known as helicons can be created and measured in the laboratory even without confining walls.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 205005] Published Thu May 21, 2015
Newly dedicated observatory to search for gravitational waves
Advanced LIGO will now undergo commissioning to ensure instrumentation is ready for its first search this autumn.
Galaxy’s snacking habits revealed
A study not only reveals a spiral galaxy devouring a nearby compact dwarf galaxy but also shows evidence of its past galactic snacks in unprecedented detail.
Impact crater or supervolcano caldera?
At first glance, the region covered by this latest Mars Express image release appears to be pockmarked with impact craters. But the largest structure among them may hold a rather explosive secret: it could be remains of an ancient supervol…
Ceres Bright Spots Seen Closer Than Ever
NASA’s Dawn mission captured a sequence of navigational images of dwarf planet Ceres from a distance of 4,500 miles (7,200 kilometers) on May 16, 2015.
Astronomers observe a supernova colliding with its companion star
The data provide evidence for one model of how type Ia supernovae occur and means both theories actually may be valid.
The dreadful beauty of Medusa
As the star at the heart of this nebula made its transition into retirement, it shed its outer layers into space, forming this colorful cloud.
Science of friction
Bearing balls produced by the European Space Tribology Laboratory, tasked with keeping missions moving in space
New shape resonances in one dimension
Hitherto, a finitely thick barrier next to a well or a rigid wall has been considered the potential
of simplest shape giving rise to resonances (metastable states) in one dimension: x∈ (−∞, ∞). In
such a potential, there are three real turnin…
NASA Soil Moisture Mission Begins Science Operations
NASA’s new Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission to map global soil moisture and detect whether soils are frozen or thawed has begun science operations.
Volume Changes During Active Shape Fluctuations in Cells
Author(s): Alessandro Taloni, Elena Kardash, Oguz Umut Salman, Lev Truskinovsky, Stefano Zapperi, and Caterina A. M. La Porta
Water flowing through a cell’s membrane is essential to the process of changing cellular shape.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 208101] Published Tue May 19, 2015
Strongly Correlated Growth of Rydberg Aggregates in a Vapor Cell
Author(s): A. Urvoy, F. Ripka, I. Lesanovsky, D. Booth, J. P. Shaffer, T. Pfau, and R. Löw
The strong interaction potential between multiple Rydberg atoms allow many-body effects to be observed in a room temperature atomic vapor.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 203002] Published Tue May 19, 2015
Scientists at Keck discover the fluffiest galaxies
These galaxies are nearly as wide as our Milky Way Galaxy — about 60,000 light-years — yet harbor only 1 percent as many stars.
Interferometric phase detection at x-ray energies via Fano resonance control
Author(s): K. P. Heeg, C. Ott, D. Schumacher, H.-C. Wille, R. Röhlsberger, T. Pfeifer, and J. Evers
The phase of an x ray can be detected when it interacts with nuclei, an effect that could be used to characterize the quantum state of a nuclear two-level system.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 207401] Published Mon May 18, 2015
Suppression and Revival of Weak Localization through Control of Time-Reversal Symmetry
Author(s): K. Müller, J. Richard, V. V. Volchkov, V. Denechaud, P. Bouyer, A. Aspect, and V. Josse
Controlled manipulation of the time reversal symmetry in a disordered quantum gas is achieved by applying a dephasing pulse.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 205301] Published Mon May 18, 2015
Rotation of Quantum Impurities in the Presence of a Many-Body Environment
Author(s): Richard Schmidt and Mikhail Lemeshko
Immersing a quantum impurity into a Bose-Einstein condensate causes a redistribution of the angular momentum between the impurity and the many-body environment leading to collective excitations. These excitations can be explained using a new quasiparticle: the “angulon”.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 203001] Published Mon May 18, 2015
Tunable Subluminal Propagation of Narrow-band X-Ray Pulses
Author(s): Kilian P. Heeg, Johann Haber, Daniel Schumacher, Lars Bocklage, Hans-Christian Wille, Kai S. Schulze, Robert Loetzsch, Ingo Uschmann, Gerhard G. Paulus, Rudolf Rüffer, Ralf Röhlsberger, and Jörg Evers
Slow light effects have been measured for x rays using a cavity filled with iron nuclei, where the speed of light was reduced by a factor of 10,000.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 203601] Published Mon May 18, 2015
Ultracold Dipolar Gas of Fermionic ^{23}Na^{40}K Molecules in Their Absolute Ground State
Author(s): Jee Woo Park, Sebastian A. Will, and Martin W. ZwierleinThe cooling of strongly dipolar molecules to their absolute ground state has opened the possibility of creating new forms of matter.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 205302] Published Mon May 18, …
Four decades of tracking European spacecraft
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Forty years ago this week, a satellite ground station in Spain became the first to be assigned to what would become ESA. Since then, the network – Estrack – has expanded worldwide and today employs cutting-edge technology to link mission controllers with spacecraft orbiting Earth, voyaging deep in our Solar System or anywhere in between.
OSIRIS discovers balancing rock on Comet 67P
Scientists have not determined how the boulder seen in Rosetta images came to perch on the rim of a small depression.
Astronomers baffled by discovery of rare quasar quartet
The quartet of active galaxies reside in one of the most massive structures ever discovered in the distant universe and is surrounded by a giant nebula of cool dense gas.
ESA mourns loss of Director Antonio Fabrizi
On Saturday 16 May, after a long illness, ESA Director of Launchers Antonio Fabrizi passed away in Rome at the age of 67.
Experimental Generation of Squeezed Cat States with an Operation Allowing Iterative Growth
Author(s): Jean Etesse, Martin Bouillard, Bhaskar Kanseri, and Rosa Tualle-BrouriAn optical setup is used to generate a mesoscopic state of light, called a cat state, which can be fed back into the system to increase its nonclassicality.[Phys. Rev. Let…
Satellites make a load of difference to bridge safety
When extreme weather comes our way, realtime information from space can help us to decide if closing a bridge is the right thing to do.
Magnetar near supermassive black hole delivers surprises
A new study reveals that the amount of X-rays from magnetar SGR 1745-2900 is dropping more slowly than other previously observed magnetars, and its surface is hotter than expected.
Hubble catches a stellar exodus in action
The study of white dwarf migration in globular cluster 47 Tucanae challenges some of the ideas about how and when a star loses mass near the end of its life.
OPALS Boosts Space-to-Ground Optical Communications Research
Ever wonder why stars seem to twinkle? This effect is caused by variations in the density of our atmosphere that cause blurring in light coming from space.
It’s the Final Act for Larsen B Ice Shelf, NASA Finds
NASA has found that the last section of Antarctica’s Larsen B Ice Shelf, which partially collapsed in 2002, is likely to disintegrate before the end of the decade.
Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS Experiments
Author(s): G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration, CMS Collaboration)
A new value for the Higgs boson mass will allow stronger tests of the standard model and of theories about the Universe’s stability.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 191803] Published Thu May 14, 2015
Left-handed cosmic magnetic field could explain missing antimatter
New data from the Fermi telescope suggests the precise mechanism that led to the absence of antimatter.
Cause of galactic death: strangulation
Researchers have found that levels of metals contained in dead galaxies provide key “fingerprints,” making it possible to determine the cause of death.
Asteroid Distant ‘Flyby’ Thursday
An asteroid, designated 1999 FN53, will safely pass more than 26 times the distance of Earth to the moon on May 14.
Experimental Demonstration of Room-Temperature Spin Transport in n-Type Germanium Epilayers
Author(s): S. Dushenko, M. Koike, Y. Ando, T. Shinjo, M. Myronov, and M. ShiraishiGermanium layers can carry spin-polarized currents over several hundred nanometers at room temperature, a key asset for spintronic applications.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 196…
Quantum-Gas Microscope for Fermionic Atoms
Author(s): Lawrence W. Cheuk, Matthew A. Nichols, Melih Okan, Thomas Gersdorf, Vinay V. Ramasesh, Waseem S. Bakr, Thomas Lompe, and Martin W. ZwierleinA quantum microscope able to image individual atoms of optically trapped fermionic potassium has been…
Send your art into space
Be inspired by our Cheops drawing competition
Space fever
It started with a simple question that ended with a surprising answer and new technology that is being used in cutting-edge heart surgery and could save millions of euros in hospital bills.
NASA research reveals Europa’s mystery dark material could be sea salt
The laboratory find suggests the moon’s ocean is interacting with its rocky seafloor.
NASA’s New Horizons spots Pluto’s faintest known moons
Now the spacecraft will begin its first search for new moons or rings that might threaten its passage through the Pluto system.
The Very Large Telescope discovers new kind of globular star cluster
This new class may harbor either unexpected amounts of dark matter or massive black holes.
Numerical determination of the eigenenergies of the Schr?dinger equation in one dimension
In most approaches to teaching quantum mechanics, discrete energy levels are introduced through the
example of the infinite square well. Here, the boundary conditions at the walls, namely a vanishing
amplitude of the wave function, lead to quantized …
Comparison of different approaches in extraction of a parameter in a linear fit
We discuss some aspects of the linear fit analysis. We show that the same data set may give
different results for a physical parameter, depending on how the parameter is extracted. In
particular, we discuss the effects of axes exchange as well as the…
Numerical determination of the eigenenergies of the Schrödinger equation in one dimension
In most approaches to teaching quantum mechanics, discrete energy levels are introduced through the
example of the infinite square well. Here, the boundary conditions at the walls, namely a vanishing
amplitude of the wave function, lead to quantized …
An innovative experiment on superconductivity, based on video analysis and non-expensive data acquisition
In this paper we present a new experiment on superconductivity, designed for university
undergraduate students, based on the high-speed video analysis of a magnet falling through a ceramic
superconducting cylinder ( T c = 110 K). The use of an Atwo…
The music of gold: can gold counterfeited coins be detected by ear?
In this paper I investigate whether it is true and to what extent counterfeit coins can be detected
by their sound frequency. I describe the different types of counterfeit coins encountered and their
respective characteristics. I then use the Kirchof…
Erratum: A new approach in the derivation of relativistic variation of mass with speed (2015 Eur. J. Phys. 36 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/36/3/035005] 035005 )
Description unavailable
NASA Research Reveals Europa’s Mystery Dark Material Could Be Sea Salt
NASA laboratory experiments suggest the dark material coating some geological features of Jupiter’s moon Europa is likely sea salt from a subsurface ocean, discolored by exposure to radiation.
Kepler’s Six Years In Science (and Counting): By The Numbers
NASA’s Kepler spacecraft began hunting for planets outside our solar system on May 12, 2009.
Samantha’s longer stay on Space Station

ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti’s mission on the International Space Station has been extended until the beginning of June. It was planned to end this week with a return to Earth together with NASA astronaut Terry Virts and cosmonaut Anton Shkaplerov.
Motional Averaging of Nuclear Resonance in a Field Gradient
Author(s): Nanette N. Jarenwattananon and Louis-S. BouchardA revised theory for diffusion-based nuclear magnetic resonance shows that the linewidth decreases with temperature for gasses. This finding is contrary to the behavior seen in fluids and there…
Measurement of Long-Range Angular Correlation and Quadrupole Anisotropy of Pions and (Anti)Protons in Central d+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV
Author(s): A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration)Particle correlations in deuteron-gold collisions at RHIC reveal patterns reminiscent of those generated by the quark-gluon plasma in larger heavy-ion collisions.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 192301] Published …
Three Dimensional Simulation of the Magnetic Stress in a Neutron Star Crust
Author(s): T. S. Wood and R. Hollerbach
Simulations of the magnetic field of a neutron star show that shear stresses induced by the field are strong enough to fracture the star’s crust.

[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 191101] Published Tue May 12, 2015
Ceres showcases bright spots
Dawn scientists can now conclude that the intense brightness of these spots is due to the reflection of sunlight by highly reflective material on the surface, possibly ice.
Lopsided star explosion holds the key to other supernova mysteries
Astronomers have found the best proof yet that the mechanism that triggers core-collapse supernovae is inherently lopsided.
Tilkadest saab moodustada korrastatud mikrostruktuure
Poola teadlased on näidanud, et veetilgad võivad suuremate õlitilkade sees üllatavaid struktuure moodustada. Nähtuse rakendustena nähakse ravimine transporti inimeses ja bioloogiliste kudede loomisel. Kolloid on see, kui suure diameetriga osakesed (1nm kuni 1mikromeeter) on pihustatud lahustisse. Teisalt on kolloidosakesed on nii väikesed, et valgusmikroskoobiga neid ei näe ning kolloidid näivad homogeense, st ühtlase süsteemina. Samas […]
Getting the Low-Density Supersonic Decelerator (LDSD) Vehicle to Test Altitude
A balloon will launch the Low-Density Supersonic Decelerator (LDSD) mission this June.
Astronomers Take a New Kind of Pulse From the Sky
New video shows early results from a new array of radio antennas. The project is designed to catch things that flash, flare and explode.
NASA Selects Advanced Space Technology Concepts for More Study
NASA has selected 15 proposals, including one from JPL, for study under Phase I of the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts program, which aims to turn science fiction into science fact through the development of pioneering technologies.
…
Ceres Animation Showcases Bright Spots
The mysterious bright spots on the dwarf planet Ceres are better resolved in a new sequence of images taken by NASA’s Dawn spacecraft on May 3 and 4, 2015.
Saate „Rakett69“ võitis TÜ füüsika eriala üliõpilane Karl Reinkubjas
Tervitame ja õnnitleme tulevast kolleegi Karl Reinkubjast, kes võitis selle hooaja Rakett 69 saatesarja. Ja tsiteerime täies mahus TÜ pressiteadet: 10 000 euro suuruse teadusstipendiumi võitja, Tartu ülikooli esimese kursuse füüsika eriala tudeng Karl Reinkubjas tõdes saates „Hommik Anuga“, et on end varem pigem teoreetikuks pidanud. Saatest sai ta tõestust, et suudab pingeolukorras hästi hakkama saada […]
ESA at #rp15
ESA’s Rosetta mission and Alexander Gerst were star attractions at re:publica 2015 in Berlin
Pressure and Phase Equilibria in Interacting Active Brownian Spheres
Author(s): Alexandre P. Solon, Joakim Stenhammar, Raphael Wittkowski, Mehran Kardar, Yariv Kafri, Michael E. Cates, and Julien Tailleur
An equation of state for a gas of self-propelled spheres is a step towards a thermodynamic description of “active” matter, such as bird flocks and tissue.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 198301] Published Mon May 11, 2015
Samantha’s space videos
ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti is sharing her world in space with video tours of her experiments, the space toilet and bathroom as well as giving lessons about gravity
MESSENGER reveals Mercury’s ancient magnetic field
The discovery wouldn’t have been possible without the spacecraft flying incredibly close to the planet in the months before impact.
ALMA discovers proto super star cluster
Though plentiful in and around many galaxies, newborn examples of globular cluster are vanishingly rare and the conditions necessary to create new ones have never been detected until now.
Chaos on a watery world

Space Science Image of the Week: Jupiter’s moon Europa is brimming with water – hidden lakes, layers of icy slush, an underground ocean and a fractured crust of ice
Quick Detour by NASA Mars Rover Checks Ancient Valley
After a brief side trip to inspect a Martian valley that filled with sand long ago, NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover is back on a route toward the next-higher layer of Mount Sharp.
DHS Successfully Transitions Search and Rescue Tool That Pinpoints Buried Victims
The Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, in partnership with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, announced the transition of the final prototype of the Finding Individuals for Disaster and Emergency Response …
NASA’s Curiosity Rover Views Serene Sundown on Mars
The sun dips to a Martian horizon in a blue-tinged sky in images sent home to Earth this week from NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover.
Quick Detour by NASA Mars Rover Checks Ancient Valley
After a brief side trip to inspect a Martian valley that filled with sand long ago, NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover is back on a route toward the next-higher layer of Mount Sharp.
Week In Images
Our week through the lens: 4-8 May 2015
European space agencies inaugurate altered-gravity aircraft

ESA, France’s space agency CNES and the German aerospace centre DLR inaugurated the Airbus A310 ZERO-G refitted for altered gravity by running 12 scientific experiments this week.
My Planet from Space
The exhibition where art meets science is coming soon to the UN Headquarters in New York City
NASA’s Hubble finds giant halo around the Andromeda Galaxy
This gaseous atmosphere of our neighboring galaxy is about 1,000 times more massive than previously estimated and stretches halfway to the Milky Way.
South Georgia Island
Earth observation image of the week: the glaciers of South Georgia Island in the Atlantic Ocean, also featured on the Earth from Space video programme
FINDER Search and Rescue Technology Helped Save Lives in Nepal
In the wreckage of a collapsed textile factory and another building in the Nepalese village of Chautara, four men were rescued, thanks to a NASA technology that was able to find their heartbeats.
Star Explosion is Lopsided, Finds NASA’s NuSTAR
NASA’s NuSTAR, has found evidence that a massive star exploded in a lopsided fashion, sending ejected material flying in one direction and the core of the star in the other.
Earth from Space

Join us Friday, 8 May, at 10:00 CEST for the ‘Earth from Space’ video programme. This week features an image of South Georgia Island
Demonstration of a Memory for Tightly Guided Light in an Optical Nanofiber
Author(s): B. Gouraud, D. Maxein, A. Nicolas, O. Morin, and J. LauratLight signals propagating down an ultrathin fiber can be temporarily stored in a cloud of cold atoms surrounding the fiber.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 180503] Published Thu May 07, 2015
Fresh evidence for how water reached Earth found in asteroid debris
New research finds that water-rich asteroids similar to those found in our solar system are plentiful in the galaxy.
Saturn moon’s activity could be “curtain eruptions”
Scientists think most of the observed activity on Enceladus represents curtain eruptions from the “tiger stripe” fractures, rather than intermittent geysers along them.
Proba-V maps world air traffic from space

As ESA’s Proba-V works quietly on its main task of monitoring vegetation growth across Earth, the minisatellite is also picking up something from a little higher: signals from thousands of aircraft.
How Dry Is Texas? SMAP, TxSON Network Aim to Find Out
NASA’s SMAP and University of Texas scientists are rounding up critical soil information for managing the Lone Star State’s limited water.
Saturn Moon’s Activity Could Be ‘Curtain Eruptions’
New research using data from NASA’s Cassini mission suggests most of the eruptions from Saturn’s moon Enceladus might be diffuse curtains rather than discrete jets.
Send your drawing into space with Cheops
Do you want to send your art into space on the new Cheops satellite? ESA and its mission partners are inviting children to submit drawings that will be miniaturised and engraved on two plaques that will be put on the satellite.
Droplet Clusters: Exploring the Phase Space of Soft Mesoscale Atoms
Author(s): Jan Guzowski and Piotr GarsteckiWater droplets can self-assemble into a range of structures inside larger drops of oil, with potential uses in targeted drug delivery and biological tissue engineering.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 188302] Published …
NASA’s SDO observes “Cinco de Mayo” solar flare
This burst of radiation was the most powerful so far this year and already has resulted in a radio blackout.
Zero-G hangout
Live today at 15:00 CEST from Bordeaux, France, connect with us for an ESA hangout on science in altered gravity
Dragon mountains
Technology image of the week: ESA’s Proba-V minisatellite views the sharp peaks of South Africa’s Drakensberg range
Planeetide teke raadioteleskoobis: HL Tauri
Toronto Ülikooli teadlaste analüüs tõestab, et 2014.a. oktoobris raadioteleskoobiga ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array) salvestatud ja siis palju kõneainet pakkunud pilt väga noorest tähest nimega HL Tauri (lühendatult HL Tau) võib tõepoolest näidata planeetide tekkimise protsessi selle tähe ümber. Üldiselt arvatakse, et planeedid moodustuvad pärast tähe teket seda ümbritsevast gaasipilvest. Eestikeelne wikipedia ütleb: “[Gravitatsioonilise] kokkutõmbumise […]
DHS and NASA Technology Helps Save Four in Nepal Earthquake Disaster
Four men trapped under up to 10 feet of bricks, mud and other debris have been rescued in Nepal thanks to new search-and-rescue technology developed in partnership by the Department of Homeland Security’s Science and Technology Directora…
Public Event Will Celebrate NASA Mission to Dwarf Planet Ceres
NASA’s Dawn mission will host the flagship event for its “I C Ceres” space festival at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena on Saturday, May 9, from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Exciton-Polariton Gas as a Nonequilibrium Coolant
Author(s): Sebastian Klembt, Emilien Durupt, Sanjoy Datta, Thorsten Klein, Augustin Baas, Yoan Léger, Carsten Kruse, Detlef Hommel, Anna Minguzzi, and Maxime Richard
A gas of polaritons can serve as a coolant fluid that transports heat away from a semiconductor microcavity.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 186403] Published Tue May 05, 2015



