A look back on the preparations for the 13 October liftoff of Sentinel-5P
Teaching the nature of physics through art: a new art of teaching
Science and art are traditionally represented as two disciplines with completely divergent goals,
methods, and public. It has been claimed that, if rightly addressed, science and art education could
mutually support each other. In this paper I propos…
New Greenland Maps Show More Glaciers at Risk
New maps of Greenland’s seafloor and bedrock show that two to four times as many coastal glaciers are at risk of accelerated melting as previously thought.
Overlooked Treasure: The First Evidence of Exoplanets
The Mount Wilson telescopes were ahead of their time — in one case, capturing signs of distant worlds that wouldn’t be recognized for a century.
New Greenland Maps Show More Glaciers at Risk
New maps of Greenland’s seafloor and bedrock show that two to four times as many coastal glaciers are at risk of accelerated melting as previously thought.
Martian Ridge Brings Out Rover’s Color Talents
Color-discerning capabilities that NASA’s Curiosity rover has been using on Mars since 2012 are proving particularly helpful on a mountainside ridge the rover is now climbing.
Astronomers time accelerating particles around black holes
It takes less than an eyeblink to light up a black hole’s jet.
Origin of Ultrastability in Vapor-Deposited Glasses
Author(s): Ludovic Berthier, Patrick Charbonneau, Elijah Flenner, and Francesco ZamponiSimulations explain why glasses produced by vapor deposition can be as stable as ordinary glasses that have aged for thousands of years.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 188002…
Qubit-Assisted Transduction for a Detection of Surface Acoustic Waves near the Quantum Limit
Author(s): Atsushi Noguchi, Rekishu Yamazaki, Yutaka Tabuchi, and Yasunobu NakamuraA superconducting qubit is used as an interface between a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator and a microwave resonator for ultrasensitive measurements of thermal fluc…
Disorder-Induced Topological State Transition in Photonic Metamaterials
Author(s): Changxu Liu, Wenlong Gao, Biao Yang, and Shuang ZhangA topological hybrid state consisting of a robust surface state in the presence of moderate randomness is predicted in metamaterials, which may allow for the development of a random unidir…
Growing danger
Technology image of the week: The shard rising from this alien-like terrain presents a clear and present danger to space missions
Wanted: a medical doctor for a cold adventure
Want to help humanity’s exploration of our Solar System? Do you have a medical degree and are not afraid of the dark or the cold? ESA is looking for someone to spend over six months in Antarctica running research to prepare for missions to…
NASA Estimates the Global Reach of Atmospheric Rivers
A recent study estimates the global impact of atmospheric rivers on floods and droughts, as well as the number of people affected by these atmospheric phenomena.
Next Mars Rover Will Have 23 ‘Eyes’
Over the last 20 years, rover cameras have become smaller, less costly and more numerous.
Trick or treat?
No-one on International Space Station wanted to be an astronaut for Halloween
Experimental Demonstration of Fault-Tolerant State Preparation with Superconducting Qubits
Author(s): Maika Takita, Andrew W. Cross, A. D. Córcoles, Jerry M. Chow, and Jay M. GambettaUsing the IBM Quantum Experience, researchers have demonstrated fault-tolerant quantum computing principles that protect against local dissipation and gate erro…
Improved Limits for Higgs-Portal Dark Matter from LHC Searches
Author(s): Martin Hoferichter, Philipp Klos, Javier Menéndez, and Achim SchwenkNew theoretical work places more stringent constraints on dark matter properties derived from particle physics experiments.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 181803] Published Tue Oct 3…
Halloween crack
Arguably scarier than ghosts or goblins: a massive crack in the ice shelf close to the Halley VI research station in Antarctica
Learning to teach inquiry with ICT
Research has shown that the objectives for laboratory teaching—just as with other teaching
methods—are often not achieved and that many laboratory sessions are ineffective and yet expensive
in terms of pupil and teacher time, and facilities. There ar…
Estimating the value of the inclination angle of the lunar plane to the ecliptic plane
Sky appears to our students as a vast volume surrounding the Earth. The most striking astronomical
events that they can witness in the sky are lunar phases and eclipses. However, eclipses do not
occur as often as full and new phases of the Moon. This…
Measuring the coefficients of kinetic and rolling friction by exploring decaying mass-spring oscillations
A novel method of measuring the coefficients of kinetic and rolling friction is proposed. The method
is simple to implement and reliable. Samples of measurements and calculations are presented.
NuSTAR Probes Black Hole Jet Mystery
Scientists have been able to measure the distance that particles in black hole jets travel before they “turn on” and become bright sources of light.
Beauty of Italy
Watch high-definition footage of the International Space Station passing over Italy, filmed by ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli.
Melting snow aids absorption of carbon dioxide
It appears that something good can come from something bad. Although rising global temperatures are causing seasonal snow cover to melt earlier in the spring, this allows for the snow-free boreal forests to absorb more carbon dioxide from …
A hole in space
Space Science Image of the Week: This spooky sight, resembling fog swirling around a bottomless hole, was captured by the Hubble Space Telescope
Finding Ceres’ global ocean
The inner solar system’s only dwarf planet likely once hosted an entire ocean, now locked away in its crust.
First Dark Matter Search Results from the XENON1T Experiment
Author(s): E. Aprile et al. (XENON Collaboration)The latest results from two dark matter searches have further ruled out many theoretically attractive dark matter particle candidates.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 181301] Published Mon Oct 30, 2017
Dark Matter Results from 54-Ton-Day Exposure of PandaX-II Experiment
Author(s): Xiangyi Cui et al. (PandaX-II Collaboration)The latest results from two dark matter searches have further ruled out many theoretically attractive dark matter particle candidates.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 181302] Published Mon Oct 30, 2017
Prolific Earth Gravity Satellites End Science Mission
After more than 15 productive years in orbit, the U.S./German GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite mission has ended science operations.
Week in Images
Our week through the lens: 23-27 October 2017
Anisotropy and Suppression of Spin-Orbit Interaction in a GaAs Double Quantum Dot
Author(s): A. Hofmann, V. F. Maisi, T. Krähenmann, C. Reichl, W. Wegscheider, K. Ensslin, and T. IhnSpin orbit interactions in GaAs quantum wells are switched on and off by tuning the spin-flip tunneling rate.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 176807] Published Fr…
Dimensional Crossover-Induced Topological Hall Effect in a Magnetic Topological Insulator
Author(s): Chang Liu, Yunyi Zang, Wei Ruan, Yan Gong, Ke He, Xucun Ma, Qi-Kun Xue, and Yayu WangA topological variant of the Hall effect that relies on spin chirality is observed in a topological insulator at four quantum layers, but vanishes for fewer…
Our close call with an “alien probe”
Aliens are always the last resort. But once, we thought we might have found an alien probe.
Earth from Space
Explore the US capital with Sentinel-2 in this week’s edition of the Earth from Space video programme
NASA Center Directors Launch World Series Bragging Rights Duel
The World Series has launched a friendly competition between JPL support of their home team, the L.A. Dodgers, and NASA’s Johnson Space Center cheering for the Houston Astros.
Small Asteroid or Comet ‘Visits’ from Beyond the Solar System
A small, recently discovered asteroid — or perhaps a comet — appears to have originated from outside the solar system, coming from somewhere else in our galaxy.
Dawn Finds Possible Ancient Ocean Remnants at Ceres
Ceres’ crust as we see it today, with its mixture of ice, salts and hydrated materials, represents most of the dwarf planet’s ancient ocean, scientists say.
Proton snow
Operations image of the week: ESA’s Gaia star surveyor unexpectedly detected ‘proton snow’ during a solar storm in September
Space changes how genes are expressed
Astronaut Scott Kelly’s genes behaved differently while in space than those of his Earth-bound, identical twin brother.
Control of Chiral Magnetism Through Electric Fields in Multiferroic Compounds above the Long-Range Multiferroic Transition
Author(s): J. Stein, M. Baum, S. Holbein, T. Finger, T. Cronert, C. Tölzer, T. Fröhlich, S. Biesenkamp, K. Schmalzl, P. Steffens, C. H. Lee, and M. BradenAn applied electric field can be used to control a twisted form of magnetic ordering inside small …
Emergent Bistability and Switching in a Nonequilibrium Crystal
Author(s): Guram Gogia and Justin C. BurtonBistable switching between a crystalline condensed state and a gaslike excited state is demonstrated in a system of charged microparticles.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 178004] Published Thu Oct 26, 2017
Low-cost clocks for landing on the Moon
A European clock accurate to a trillionth of a second is set to be used on satellites and missions to the Moon.
The ultra-precise time-keeper was conceived by a small company in Latvia, and ESA has recognised its potential for space.
“We…
Rosetta finds comet plume powered from below
Last year, a fountain of dust was spotted streaming from Rosetta’s comet, prompting the question: how was it powered? Scientists now suggest the outburst was driven from inside the comet, perhaps released from ancient gas vents or pockets …
Detection of Microwave Transitions between Ortho and Para States in a Free Isolated Molecule
Author(s): Hideto Kanamori, Zeinab. T. Dehghani, Asao Mizoguchi, and Yasuki EndoMicrowave emission from a simple molecule reveals a highly forbidden transition between two nuclear spin states.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 173401] Published Wed Oct 25, 2017
Axicon Lens for Electrons Using a Magnetic Vortex: The Efficient Generation of a Bessel Beam
Author(s): Changlin Zheng, Timothy C. Petersen, Holm Kirmse, Wolfgang Neumann, Michael J. Morgan, and Joanne EtheridgeA magnetic vortex texture array is used to create an electromagnetic lens that focuses a plane wave into a focal line, rather than a p…
How to make an asteroid using sunlight
Solar radiation packs a punch capable of creating and destroying asteroid families.
Sentinel-1 sees through hurricanes
This year’s Atlantic hurricane season has been a harsh reminder of the grief and devastation brought by these vast storms. Imaging the top of hurricanes from space is nothing new, but the Sentinel-1 satellites can see right through these t…
ESAshop
If you’re looking for the perfect gift for a space enthusiast, our ESAshop is now open!
Mobile upgrade
Human spaceflight and robotic exploration image of the week: ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli checking his hands-free aid
Two-Particle Four-Mode Interferometer for Atoms
Author(s): Pierre Dussarrat, Maxime Perrier, Almazbek Imanaliev, Raphael Lopes, Alain Aspect, Marc Cheneau, Denis Boiron, and Christoph I. WestbrookA prototype interferometer for massive particles is demonstrated. Such a device could enable Bell test m…
Superanomalous Skin Effect for Surface Plasmon Polaritons
Author(s): I. A. Larkin, K. Keil, A. Vagov, M. D. Croitoru, and V. M. AxtA third regime of electric field decay at a metal-dielectric interface is predicted, in which the field decays even more slowly than the previously known regimes.[Phys. Rev. Lett….
Newer, fainter, and more distant things
The life and times of the Cape Town Observatory.
Locus of the apices of projectile trajectories under constant drag
Using the hodograph method, we present an analytical solution for projectile coplanar motion under
constant drag, parametrised by the velocity angle. We find the locus formed by the apices of the
projectile trajectories, and discuss its implementatio…
Decomposition of the compound Atwood machine
Non-standard solving strategies for the compound Atwood machine problem have been proposed. The
present strategy is based on a very simple idea. Taking an Atwood machine and replacing one of its
bodies by another Atwood machine, we have a compound ma…
Dynamics of damped oscillations: physical pendulum
The frictional force between a physical damped pendulum and the medium is usually assumed to be
proportional to the pendulum velocity. In this work, we investigate how the pendulum motion will be
affected when the drag force is modeled using power-la…
Great moments in kinetic theory: 150 years of Maxwell’s (other) equations
In 1867, just two years after laying the foundations of electromagnetism, J. Clerk Maxwell presented
a fundamental paper on kinetic gas theory, in which he described the evolution of the gas in terms
of certain ‘moments’ of its velocity distribution …
Using Galilean satellites’ mutual orbital events as an educational tool for studies of orbital dynamics
We present a methodology to analyse and interpret a set of telescopic observations of the mutual
orbital phenomena between Jupiter’s Galilean satellites (occultation and eclipses) as a practical
teaching tool for photometry and astrodynamic studies i…
Langevin equation with time dependent linear force and periodic load force: stochastic resonance
The motion of a particle described by the Langevin equation with constant diffusion coefficient,
time dependent linear force ( ##IMG##
[http://ej.iop.org/images/0143-0807/38/6/065104/ejpaa8d54ieqn1.gif] {$\omega (1+\alpha \cos ({\omega
}_{1}t))x$} )…
Tight-binding tunneling amplitude of an optical lattice
The particle in a periodic potential is an important topic in an undergraduate quantum mechanics
curriculum and a stepping stone on the way to more advanced topics, such as courses on interacting
electrons in crystalline solids, and graduate-level re…
Why do aged fluorescent tubes flicker?
Our everyday experience of aged and defective fluorescent tubes or bulbs informs us that they may
flicker and emit a clicking sound while struggling to light up. In this article, the physical
mechanisms controlling the initial illumination of a funct…
CPT invariance in classical electrodynamics
The transformation properties of classical electrodynamic variables under charge conjugation C ,
parity reversal P , and time inversion T are considered both for standard and atypical assumptions
for the nature of charge. We have shown that four dist…
Higgs potential and fundamental physics
Physics associated with the Higgs field potential is rich and interesting and deserves a concise
summary for a broader audience to appreciate the beauty and the challenges of this subject. We
discuss the role of the Higgs potential in particle physic…
The equally spaced energy levels of the quantum harmonic oscillator revisited: a back-to-front reconstruction of an n -body Hamiltonian
The ‘back-to-front’ derivation of the properties of the quantum harmonic oscillator (QHO), starting
with its equally spaced energy levels, is re-examined. A new derivation that exploits the natural
rotational symmetry of the QHO is proposed. The new …
Application of peer instruction in the laboratory task of measuring the effective mass of a spring
Peer instruction (PI) is an effective interactive approach to teaching and learning that has
principally been used to modify the experience of learning in traditional physics lecture settings.
This article further illustrates how the concept of PI ca…
Mars Rover Mission Progresses Toward Resumed Drilling
NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity team is working to restore Curiosity’s sample-drilling capability using new techniques. The latest development is a preparatory test on Mars.
Galileo in place for launch: then there were four
Two more Galileo satellites have reached Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana, joining the first pair of navigation satellites and the Ariane 5 rocket due to haul the quartet to orbit this December.
Solar flash
Space Science Image of the Week: This colourful image captured during the summer’s total solar eclipse shows what the Sun is made of
Separation of Isotopes in Space and Time by Gas-Surface Atomic Diffraction
Author(s): Kevin J. Nihill, Jacob D. Graham, and S. J. SibenerAtomic-beam diffraction emerges as a viable approach to separating isotopes within the beam.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 176001] Published Mon Oct 23, 2017
Origin of Spectral Band Patterns in the Cosmic Unidentified Infrared Emission
Author(s): Héctor Álvaro Galué and Grisell Díaz LeinesA theoretical study shows how hydrocarbons with structural defects might produce unexplained peaks in the cosmic infrared spectrum.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 171102] Published Mon Oct 23, 2017
Week in Images
Our week through the lens: 16-20 October 2017
Saturn’s rings take seven siblings to stay in place
Several moons keep the A ring from falling apart.
Kronos: The eater of planets
A Sun-like star in our galaxy has likely eaten over a dozen of its rocky inner planets, earning it the nickname Kronos.
Importance of $σ$ Bonding Electrons for the Accurate Description of Electron Correlation in Graphene
Author(s): Huihuo Zheng, Yu Gan, Peter Abbamonte, and Lucas K. WagnerElectron correlations in graphene are characterized via first principles calculations, showing that bonding of σ electrons is important in understanding the low energy physics of grap…
Sagaing Division
Earth observation image of the week: Sentinel-1 radar vision during a period of severe flooding in Myanmar, also featured on the Earth from Space video programme
Mine craft for Mars
An innovative experimental sequence on electromagnetic induction and eddy currents based on video analysis and cheap data acquisition
In this work, we present a coherent sequence of experiments on electromagnetic (EM) induction and
eddy currents, appropriate for university undergraduate students, based on a magnet falling through
a drilled aluminum disk. The sequence, leveraging on…
Uncertainty relations for a particle confined in a finite square well potential
In order to specify the uncertainty relation for a particle confined in a finite square well
potential we derived the standard deviation of momentum ##IMG##
[http://ej.iop.org/images/0143-0807/38/6/065402/ejpaa8417ieqn1.gif] {${\rm{\Delta }}p$} and t…
Focus on advanced optics—optical enlightenment
Description unavailable
Labatorials in introductory physics courses
Traditional lab sections in introductory physics courses at Mount Royal University were replaced by
a new style of lab called ‘labatorials’ developed by the Physics Education Development Group at the
University of Calgary. Using labatorials in introd…
Indeterminacy of drag exerted on an arrow in free flight: arrow attitude and laminar-turbulent transition
The aerodynamic properties of an arrow (A/C/E; Easton) were investigated in an extension of our
previous work, in which the laminar-turbulent transition of the boundary layer on the arrow shaft
was found to take place in the Re number range of 1.2 × …
Software-aided discussion about classical picture of Mach–Zehnder interferometer
The Mach–Zehnder interferometer has played an important role both in quantum and classical physics
research over the years. In physics education, it has been used as a didactic tool for quantum
physics teaching, allowing fundamental concepts, such as…
Transmission and reflection of a quantum particle incident upon potential drops
We consider the probabilities of transmission p T and reflection p R of a quantum particle incident
upon potential drops with significant qualitative differences. We look at a smooth potential drop
for which the potential and the derivative of the po…
Experimental investigation of an elastic pendulum
A mass on the end of a spring can oscillate vertically, horizontally or both at the same time.
Experimental observations are presented and simple explanations are given for the observed motion of
the mass, including the well known case where the freq…
Phasor representation for the nonlinear photoacoustic signal
In CO 2 laser-based photoacoustic (PA) systems, N 2 takes part in the generation of the PA signal.
This process causes the nonlinear relation of the photoacoustic signal to the CO 2 concentration.
This phenomenon can be explained simply using a phaso…
Mapping the magnetic field generated by a supercurrent in a ring of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ
We design and construct a device to map the magnetic field generated by a supercurrent in a
rectangular cross section ring of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ . For the measurements of the magnetic field, we
develop a Gaussmeter based on a commercial Hall effect se…
Solving the linear inviscid shallow water equations in one dimension, with variable depth, using a recursion formula
When solving the linear inviscid shallow water equations with variable depth in one dimension using
finite differences, a tridiagonal system of equations must be solved. Here we present an approach,
which is more efficient than the commonly used nume…
Dawn Mission Extended at Ceres
NASA has authorized a second extension of the Dawn mission at Ceres, the largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
Take a Walk on Mars — in Your Own Living Room
JPL and Google have collaborated on a free VR experience that lets people “walk” on Mars.
Roving on the Moon
Operations image of the week: Teams in Europe are driving a rover in Canada across a simulated Moonscape
Earth from Space
Join us Friday, 20 October, at 10:00 CEST for the ‘Earth from Space’ video programme
Hubble reboots Messier Catalog
NASA used images from the Hubble Space Telescope to create their own version of the Messier catalog.
Band Filling Control of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction in Weakly Ferromagnetic Insulators
Author(s): G. Beutier, S. P. Collins, O. V. Dimitrova, V. E. Dmitrienko, M. I. Katsnelson, Y. O. Kvashnin, A. I. Lichtenstein, V. V. Mazurenko, A. G. A. Nisbet, E. N. Ovchinnikova, and D. PinciniThe evolution of the sign of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya in…
Coulometry and Calorimetry of Electric Double Layer Formation in Porous Electrodes
Author(s): Mathijs Janssen, Elian Griffioen, P. M. Biesheuvel, René van Roij, and Ben ErnéTwo new experimental techniques that make coulometric and calorimetric measurements of porous electrodes are used to obtain the entropic contribution to the grand…
Observation of Optomechanical Strain in a Cold Atomic Cloud
Author(s): Noam Matzliah, Hagai Edri, Asif Sinay, Roee Ozeri, and Nir DavidsonLaser light can stretch and squeeze a whole cloud of atoms with a collective force.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 163201] Published Thu Oct 19, 2017
Niels Bohri eestikeelse kogumiku “Filosoofilised mõtted” esitlus
Teisipäeval, 24. oktoobril 2017, kell 16:15 TÜ Physicumis, W. Ostwaldi 1 – A106 toimub Niels Bohri eestikeelse kogumiku “Filosoofilised mõtted” esitlus. Kogumikku on valitud aatomi ehituse kvantteooria autori, Nobeli 1922. aasta füüsikapreemia laureaadi Niels Bohri artiklid, mis tutvustavad tema vaateid kvantteooriale ja sellest aru saamisele ning kvantfüüsika printsiipide seostele inimtegevuse teiste valdkondadega. Raamatus on viis osa: […]
Interview: the buzz of discovery
Daven Armoogum is a teaching fellow at the Physics Department in UCL, where he motivates
undergraduate students in their practical work. David Richardson interviewed him to find out how his
passion for astronomy lead him to this position.
Interview: Interview: the buzz of discovery
Daven Armoogum is a teaching fellow at the Physics Department in UCL, where he motivates
undergraduate students in their practical work. David Richardson interviewed him to find out how his
passion for astronomy lead him to this position.
Force, acceleration and velocity during trampoline jumps—a challenging assignment
Bouncing on a trampoline lets the jumper experience the interplay between weightlessness and large
forces on the body, as the motion changes between free fall and large acceleration in contact with
the trampoline bed. In this work, several groups of …
NASA Damage Map Aids California Wildfire Response
A NASA team has mapped areas in northern California likely damaged by the recent wildfires, for use in the wildfire response.
Deep Space Communications via Faraway Photons
A spacecraft destined to explore a unique asteroid will also test new communication hardware that uses lasers instead of radio waves.