Join us Tuesday, 3 March at 14:00 CET as Wolfgang Pitz from Airbus Defence and Space discusses testing the Sentinel-2A satellite
ALMA and VLT probe surprisingly dusty and evolved galaxy
This young and remote object provides tantalizing evidence for the rapid evolution of galaxies after the Big Bang.
Kui laser lõhub laseri
Laserikiir võib näppu kõrvetada. Sellistest näpueksperimentidest on ka hästi teada, et mida suurem intensiivsus, seda ohtlikum kiir. Samamoodi on laserikiire läbipaistvast keskkonnast läbiminekul – suurte intensiivsuste korral võib laserikiir keskkonda kahjusta. Vastavat teadust nimetatakse mittelineaarseks optikaks ning see on väga palju kordi keerulisem, kui koolist tuttav valgusõpetus. Nüüd alljärgnevast pildist: Näidatud on laseri südameks olev […]
Simulating space for JWST
Space Science Image of the Week: Instruments for JWST have been tested in a vacuum chamber to ensure they can withstand the intense cold of space
Energia kursuse õpik nüüd ka elektrooniliselt kättesaadav
Madis Reemanni õpik Energia ilmus juba eelmise aasta lõpul. Tegime nüüd avalikuks ka vastava e-õpiku. Sinna ei ole veel jõutud lisada tarvilikku interaktiivset materjali, aga vähemasti on tekst kõigile kättesaadav. Õpiku leiab aadressilt õpik.füüsika.ee.
Mis on pildil?
See pilt on tavaelust, aga natuke ka mitte. Proovige aru saada, milline on olnud stseen, mida fotograaf on pildistanud? Vihje on pildi allkirjas. Aga ära annab seletada ka kõik kõverused …
Week In Images
Our week through the lens: 23-27 February 2015
Living on the Edge: Stars Found Far from Galaxy Center
Data from NASA’s WISE mission have led to the discovery of two clusters of newborn stars thousands of light-years below the plane of our galaxy.
HAB (high altitude ballooning) – igamehe võimalus stratosfääri lennata
Heeliumipallid ei pruugi olla mingid mänguasjad – 100-200 euro eest on võimalik hankida komplekt, mis tõuseb rohkem kui kümne kilomeetri kõrgusele ning on varustatud raadiosaatja, juhtbloki, GPS’i ja sensoritega põhiliste atmosfääri parameetrite mõõtmiseks. Loomulikult saab heeliumipalliga üles lasta ka kaamera. Ja kui te arvate, allolev pilt on tehtud mõne satelliidi pealt, siis te eksite. Märksõnaks on […]
Microwave Quantum Illumination
Author(s): Shabir Barzanjeh, Saikat Guha, Christian Weedbrook, David Vitali, Jeffrey H. Shapiro, and Stefano PirandolaA proposed device would extend a quantum entanglement scheme previously demonstrated for visible photons into the microwave regime, wh…
Astronomers find newborn stars at the edge of our galaxy
The scientists not only found giant molecular clouds thousands of light-years above and below the galactic disk, but also one of them unexpectedly contained two clusters of stars.
Chandra finds intriguing member of black hole family tree
NGC2276-3c has traits similar to both stellar-mass and supermassive black holes.
Brussels
Earth observation image of the week: a false-colour image of Belgium’s capital, also featured on the Earth from Space video programme
Üliõhukesed läätsed suudavad nüüd tekitada ka värvilisi kujutisi
Optilisi läätsesid me oleme kõik näinud. Fotoaparaadi objektiivis on nad suheliselt suured, mobiiltelefonides palju väiksemad. Juba mõnda aega on olemas ka üliõhukesed läätsed paksusega vaid mõned mikromeetrid (nimetagem neid tasaläätsedeks), mida on võimalik kasutada eriti miniatuursetes seadmetes. Seni jäid sellised läätsed hätta värvilise valgusega. Nüüd on suudetud valmistada tasaläätsed, mis suudavad koondada erineva lainepikkusega valgust […]
New NASA Space Cowboy Successfully Deploys Its ‘Lasso’
Like a cowboy at a rodeo, NASA’s newest Earth-observing satellite, the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), has triumphantly raised its “arm” and unfurled a huge golden “lasso” (antenna).
New NASA Earth Missions Expand View of Home Planet
Four new NASA Earth-observing missions are collecting data from space – with a fifth newly in orbit – after the busiest year of NASA Earth science launches in more than a decade.
Study of Atmospheric ‘Froth’ May Help GPS Communications
A new study of Earth’s ionosphere, a part of the upper atmosphere, could have applications for better GPS communications.
Search for Higgs Boson Pair Production in the γγbb[over ¯] Final State Using pp Collision Data at sqrt[s]=8 TeV from the ATLAS Detector
Author(s): G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration) A search for new physics in production of a pair of Higgs bosons finds a modest excess of events, 2.4 standard deviations above the background-only hypothesis.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 081802] Published Thu …
Possible Indication of Momentum-Dependent Asymmetric Dark Matter in the Sun
Author(s): Aaron C. Vincent, Pat Scott, and Aldo Serenelli
The presence of a certain type of dark matter in the Sun’s core may solve discrepancies between standard solar models and observations.
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[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 081302] Published Thu Feb 26, 2015
Observing Inflationary Reheating
Author(s): Jérôme Martin, Christophe Ringeval, and Vincent Vennin
Recently available high-precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background constrain the kinematic properties of the reheating era for most of the inflationary scenarios proposed so far.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 081303] Published Thu Feb 26, 2015
Earth from Space

Join us Friday, 27 February, at 10:00 CET for the ‘Earth from Space’ video programme. This week features a false-colour image of Brussels
Pockets of calm protect molecules around supermassive black hole
This is most likely due to dense areas of dust and gas that shield molecules from otherwise lethal radiation.
“Bright spot” on Ceres has dimmer companion
This may be pointing to a volcano-like origin of the spots, but Dawn scientists will wait for better resolution to make geologic interpretations.
CubeSats offered deep-space ride on ESA asteroid probe
Think of it as the ultimate hitchhiking opportunity: ESA is offering CubeSats a ride to a pair of asteroids in deep space.
‘Bright Spot’ on Ceres Has Dimmer Companion
Dwarf planet Ceres continues to puzzle scientists as NASA’s Dawn spacecraft gets closer to being captured into orbit around the object.
NASA’s Curiosity Mars Rover Drills at ‘Telegraph Peak’
Sample-collection drilling that NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover completed Tuesday will likely be the last before the rover departs “Pahrump Hills.”
Gravitational Casimir Effect
Author(s): James Q. Quach
Evidence that gravitational waves induce an attractive force between two closely spaced mirrors could confirm gravity’s quantum nature.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 081104] Published Wed Feb 25, 2015
Quantum Thermodynamics: A Nonequilibrium Green’s Function Approach
Author(s): Massimiliano Esposito, Maicol A. Ochoa, and Michael Galperin
A thermodynamic description for an open quantum system coupled to its surroundings is provided using nonequilibrium Green’s functions.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 080602] Published Wed Feb 25, 2015
Ancient super-bright quasar with massive black hole found
At a distance of 12.8 billion light-years from Earth, this quasar was formed only 900 million years after the Big Bang.
Physicists offer a solution to the puzzle of the origin of matter in the universe
Scientists propose that the matter-antimatter asymmetry could be related to the Higgs boson particle.
Improved vision for James Webb Space Telescope

Key science elements of the James Webb Space Telescope have been upgraded ahead of the observatory’s launch in 2018.
Software satellite
Technology image of the week: Through daily software uploads, this miniature satellite will be a testbed for innovative control methods
Imeline teadus
Lõhe tavakodaniku ning mõnest spetsiifilisest valdkonnast arusaamiseks tarvilike teadmiste ja arusaamade vahel on tavaliselt üüratu. Ja mida aeg edasi, seda hullemaks läheb.
NASA Briefing to Discuss First Spacecraft Arrival at a Dwarf Planet
JPL will host a briefing Monday, March 2, about the March 6 arrival of NASA’s Dawn spacecraft at the dwarf planet Ceres. The event will be carried live on NASA TV and online.
Latest Selfie from NASA Mars Rover Shows Wide Context
NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover used the camera on its robotic arm to record the pieces of a portrait that shows the rover within a panorama of the area it is studying.
New NASA Soil Moisture Mapper Completes Key Milestone
Mission controllers at JPL today sent commands to unfurl the reflector antenna on NASA’s new Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observatory, launched Jan. 31.
Out of this world
Watch a replay of our ‘Out of this world’ Google hangout between ESA astronaut Tim Peake and pupils from Rode Heath Primary from Cheshire, UK
ESA’s spaceplane is coming home

ESA’s IXV spaceplane, launched on a Vega rocket on 11 February, is now on its way to Europe for detailed study in Italy.
Actin’ strange
Human spaceflight and operations image of the week: Human endothelial cells and nuclei stained and exposed under a microscope in preparation for space
Last look at Sentinel-2A

Before Sentinel-2A is packed up and shipped to French Guiana for its launch targeted on 12 June, media representatives and specialists got one last look at the second satellite for Europe’s Copernicus programme.
Calling on satellites in alpine rescues
Emergency services rescued 1780 people in the Austrian Alps last year. They can now count on satellites to access maps, send messages, give warnings and stay in contact.
Why comets are like deep-fried ice cream
Research shows that under a crystalline crust should still be very cold and contain more porous amorphous ice.
Laserrelvasüsteemide täiustamine jätkub
Laserrelva põhiidee on ju tegelikult iidvana – legend räägib, et juba Archimedes kasutas nõgusa peegliga koondatud päikeseenergiat, et vaenlase laevastikku hävitada. Mida üks laserrelvgi muud teha saab, kui koondada väga intensiivne valgus sihtmärgile, üritades seda sel teel kahjustada. Neil päevil tuli teade, et Boeing on võitnud 29,5 miljonit dollarit maksva lepingu laserrelva laserikiire stabiliseerimise süsteemi […]
NASA to Highlight Results from New Earth Missions
Over the past 12 months NASA has added five missions to its orbiting Earth-observing fleet. NASA scientists will share early observations during a media telecon Feb. 26.
Turbulent Black Holes
Author(s): Huan Yang, Aaron Zimmerman, and Luis Lehner A rapidly rotating black hole can have a horizon instability, where certain modes become excited and grow. The behavior is analogous to turbulence in high Reynolds number fluids.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 1…
Two Fermions in a Double Well: Exploring a Fundamental Building Block of the Hubbard Model
Author(s): Simon Murmann, Andrea Bergschneider, Vincent M. Klinkhamer, Gerhard Zürn, Thomas Lompe, and Selim Jochim
A simple system consisting of a pair of atoms in a two-site “minicrystal” is able to reproduce the physics of a widely used model of electrons in a solid.
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[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 080402] Published Mon Feb 23, 2015
Scientific spring in isolated Antarctica

In Antarctica, the crew of the French–Italian Concordia research station are preparing for the winter. They have to survive six months of complete isolation – four in darkness because the Sun never rises above the horizon – while they perform science in one of the most barren places on Earth.
Does dark matter cause mass extinctions and geologic upheavals?
A university professor concludes that movement through dark matter may perturb the orbits of comets and lead to additional heating in Earth’s core, both of which could be connected with mass extinction events.
Colours in the cloud
Space Science Image of the Week: Herschel and Spitzer team up to explore the Small Magellanic Cloud, one of our nearest extragalactic neighbours
Kas teadsid, et ka neutronkiirgust kasutades saab asju pildistada?
Neutronkiirgus on vabade neutronite voog, mis tekib tuumalagunemise või tuumasünteesi (tekke) protsessi käigus ja reageerib ettejäävate tuumadega, moodustades uusi isotoope, mis omakorda võivad kiirgust tekitada. Neutronkiirgusega saab uurida üliväikeses mõõtkavas ainete ehitust (struktuuri)– objektilt väjunud neuronite energiate ja liikumissuundade järgi tehakse kindlaks mõõdetava objekti sisestruktuur (kasutatakse kristallograafias, vedelate- ja tahkete ainete füüsikas, bioloogias, tahkiste keemias, […]
Murphy seadustest ja inimvõimete piiridest
See võib tunduda uskumatu, kuid Murphy oli reaalne isik, kes elas Ameerika Ühendriikides kuni oma surmani 1990. aastal. Kapten Edward A. Murphy Jr. töötas õhujõudude insenerina. Kuigi ta osales oma karjääri jooksul paljudes projektides, pani Murphy seadusele aluse katse, kuhu ta sattus pea kogemata. Aastal 1949 tehti Californias asuvas Edwardsi sõjaväebaasis projekti MX981 katseid, et […]
Robert H. March’i “Füüsika võlu”, nüüd e-raamatuna
2000.aastal andis kirjastus Ilmamaa välja Robert H. March’i raamatu Physics for poets. Tõlkis Henn Käämbre, eestikeelseks pealkirjaks sai Füüsika võlu. Eesti Füüsika Selts on nüüd selle väärt teose uuesti välja andnud, e-raamatuna aadressi õpik.füüsika.ee. Lugemiseks tuleb küll keskkonda sisse logida, aga muus osas on selle kasutamine vaba. Legend räägib, et pealkirja otsetõlke – Füüsika poeetidele […]
Directional Antineutrino Detection
Author(s): Benjamin R. Safdi and Burkhant Suerfu
A proposed detector for low-energy antineutrinos would reveal the particles’ trajectories, potentially allowing more detailed studies of Earth’s radioactivity and of nuclear reactors.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 071802] Published Fri Feb 20, 2015
Week In Images
Our week through the lens: 16-20 February 2015
Hubble gets best view of a circumstellar debris disk distorted by a planet
The new images reveal the inner disk around Beta Pictoris and confirm structures predicted by computer simulations.
<i>Astronomy</i> selects 2015 Youth Essay Contest winner
Thirteen-year-old Julia Derzay of Pewaukee, Wisconsin, wins a trip to the Northeast Astronomy Forum & Telescope Show with her entry for Astronomy’s 2015 Youth Essay Contest.
Telescopes give shape to furious black hole winds
This discovery that the winds blow in all directions has given astronomers their first opportunity to measure the strength of these ultra-fast winds and prove they are powerful enough to inhibit the host galaxy’s ability to make new stars.
Imeline taevas
Mõnikord on Päike ümbritsetud heleda ringiga, mille sisemine äär võib olla punane ja välimine sinine. Nurk ringjoone ja selle keskpunkti vahel on 22°, mistõttu kutsutakse seda 22° haloks. (Seda nurka saab kergesti mõõta. Selleks tuleb käsi välja sirutada ning sõrmed niimoodi laiali ajada, et peopesa jääb väljapoole. See taevaosa, mis jääb sirgele joonele pöidla ja […]
Three holes in a bottle?the answer
In my article (Featonby 2015 Phys. Educ. 50 123), three holes were drilled in a large bottle of
water, but which hole had the greatest range of water?
Modern replication of Eratosthenes? measurement of the circumference of Earth
Twenty-two hundred years ago, the Greek scientist Eratosthenes measured the circumference of the
Earth. This paper describes an experiment to replicate Eratosthenes? experiment with observers
located in Australia and New Zealand. The most accurate ci…
Spinning tops on a gentle incline?the question
How does the behaviour of a spinning top differ when it is set to spin on a gentle incline?
The Earth?s magnetic field fuels inter-disciplinary education
There is no doubt that integrated concepts inspire students and take learning to a new level. As we
fly, we fly through the magnetic field of the Earth. We used the concepts involved in flying to
develop an exercise that bonds geology, physics and li…
Polarization of physics on global courses
Since October 2010, the Chemistry–Biology Combined Major Program, an international course taught in
English at Osaka University, has been teaching small classes (no more than 20 in size). We present
data from the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) given…
How tidal forces cause ocean tides in the equilibrium theory
We analyse why it is erroneous to think that a tidal bulge is formed by pulling the water surface
directly up by a local vertical tidal force. In fact, ocean tides are caused by the global effect of
the horizontal components of the tidal forces.
The Earth’s magnetic field fuels inter-disciplinary education
There is no doubt that integrated concepts inspire students and take learning to a new level. As we
fly, we fly through the magnetic field of the Earth. We used the concepts involved in flying to
develop an exercise that bonds geology, physics and li…
Quantitative experiments to explain the change of seasons
The science education literature shows that students have difficulty understanding what causes the
seasons. Incorrect explanations are often due to a lack of knowledge about the physical mechanisms
underlying this phenomenon. To address this, we pres…
Spinning tops on a gentle incline—the question
How does the behaviour of a spinning top differ when it is set to spin on a gentle incline?
News
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The butterfly effect for physics laboratories
A low-cost chaos dynamics lab is developed for quantitative demonstration of the butterfly effect
using a magnetic pendulum. Chaotic motion is explored by recording magnetic time series. Students
analyze the data in Excel ® to investigate the butter…
Experimenting with a spinning disk
Almost everyone will have observed a spinning coin fall to a shuddering stop. How and why does it do
that? Several experiments are described, suitable for a student project, to help motivate an
understanding of the rotational dynamics involved.
A simple experiment showing the determination of the magnetic dipole moment of a permanent disc magnet
We propose a simple experiment to estimate the magnetic dipole moment of a neodymium disc magnet.
The experiment employs a precision digital balance and a 1 m ruler to measure the force between two
magnets. The magnetic dipole moment is determined …
Thinking in terms of sensors: personification of self as an object in physics problem solving
How can physics teachers help students develop consistent problem solving techniques for both simple
and complicated physics problems, such as those that encompass objects undergoing multiple forces
(mechanical or electrical) as individually portraye…
Interview: Interviewing the interviewer
Peter Campbell talks to David Smith, Physics Education board member and longstanding editor of the
People section, about his teaching career, special interests and related activities.
Waste not, want not
Sadly, modern society has developed very wasteful habits over the last few decades: consumer
products, food and energy are perphaps waste items that are most obvious. Attempting to show how we
can counteract wasteful habits, this article (a) makes re…
Understanding thermal equilibrium through activities
Thermal equilibrium is a basic concept in thermodynamics. In India, this concept is generally
introduced at the first year of undergraduate education in physics and chemistry. In our earlier
studies (Pathare and Pradhan 2011 Proc. episteme-4 Int. Con…
Three holes in a bottle—the answer
In my article (Featonby 2015 Phys. Educ. 50 123), three holes were drilled in a large bottle of
water, but which hole had the greatest range of water?
Modern replication of Eratosthenes’ measurement of the circumference of Earth
Twenty-two hundred years ago, the Greek scientist Eratosthenes measured the circumference of the
Earth. This paper describes an experiment to replicate Eratosthenes’ experiment with observers
located in Australia and New Zealand. The most accurate …
The usefulness of magnets for teaching gravitational acceleration
This paper presents the simple apparatus and steps to demonstrate the gravitational acceleration
point of the vector, which is advantageous for students who lack reading comprehension.
Motion of a charged particle in a constant and uniform electromagnetic field
This paper focuses on the use of software developed by the authors that allows the visualization of
the motion of a charged particle under the influence of magnetic and electric fields in 3D, at a
level suitable for introductory physics courses. The …
Using an air thermometer to estimate the gas constant
The air thermometer, widely used in physics laboratories to show the relationship between volume and
temperature, can also be used to obtain values for the gas constant and hence Avogadro’s number.
Using a very low cost, home-made air thermometer c…
Physics of swinging a striking implement
The act of swinging an object such as a hammer or a tennis racket involves the application of forces
and torques in a manner that is intuitively obvious to the person performing the task, but is
probably much less obvious to the average physics stude…
Google Earth science
Google Earth has made a wealth of aerial imagery available online at no cost to users. We examine
some of the potential uses of that data in illustrating basic physics and astronomy, such as finding
the local magnetic declination, using landmarks suc…
Reviews
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Understanding resonance graphs using Easy Java Simulations (EJS) and why we use EJS
This paper reports a computer model simulation created using Easy Java Simulation (EJS) for learners
to visualize how the steady-state amplitude of a driven oscillating system varies with the frequency
of the periodic driving force. The simulation sh…
NASA, ESA Telescopes Give Shape to Furious Black Hole Winds
NASA’s Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and ESA’s (European Space Agency) XMM-Newton telescope are showing that fierce winds from a supermassive black hole blow outward in all directions — a phenomenon that had been suspec…
ESA’s Biomass satellite goes ahead

Following the initial selection in 2013 for Biomass to become ESA’s seventh Earth Explorer mission and the completion of preparatory activities, ESA Member States yesterday gave the green light for its full implementation for launch in 2020.
Constraint on a Varying Proton-Electron Mass Ratio 1.5 Billion Years after the Big Bang
Author(s): J. Bagdonaite, W. Ubachs, M. T. Murphy, and J. B. Whitmore
The spectrum of a distant quasar reveals no sign of changes in the mass ratio of the proton and the electron over 12 billion years, constraining dark energy theories.
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[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 071301] Published Thu Feb 19, 2015
Earth from Space

Join us Friday, 20 February, at 10:00 CET for the ‘Earth from Space’ video programme. This week features a Sentinel-1A mosaic of Estonia
A close call of 0.8 light-years
Astronomers have identified the closest known flyby of a star to our solar system.
A close call of 0.8 light-years
Astronomers have identified the closest known flyby of a star to our solar system.
Dark matter guides growth of supermassive black holes
There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole.
21. mai 1946: Louis Slotinist saab „deemonsüdamiku” teine ohver
1989. aasta filmi „Fat Man and Little Boy” üks kõige haaravamaid stseene ei ole Trinity katse meisterlik kujutamine. See on hoopis stseen, kus väljamõeldud füüsik Michael Merriman keerab vussi kriitilisuse katse ja saab selle käigus surmavalt kiiritada. Merrimani tegelaskujus on ühendatud kaks tõelist füüsikut, kelle surm tegi neist teistlaadi sõjaohvrid. Kriitilisuse uuringud Los Alamose riiklikus […]
Mars hills hide icy past
A complex network of isolated hills, ridges and small basins spanning 1400 km on Mars is thought to hide large quantities of water-ice.
Happy Chinese New Year

Wishing the world’s Chinese population safe travels for their celebrations of the year of the sheep
Läbimurre “õhulaserite” tekitamises?
Kuidas saada teada, milline on õhu koostis mõne korstna läheduses või kilomeetrite kõrgusel maapinnast, kui teil ei ole kasutada lennukeid, õhupalle või taevatreppi? Selgub, et õhumolekulid saab panna laserina kiirgama ja seda ka kauge maa tagant, laserivalguse neeldumise kaudu saab omakord teada atmosfääri koostise. Alexandre Laurain ja tema kolleegid Arizona ülikoolist on leidnud mooduse, kuidas […]
Measurement of Critical Currents of Superconducting Aluminum Nanowires in External Magnetic Fields: Evidence for a Weber Blockade
Author(s): Tyler Morgan-Wall, Benjamin Leith, Nikolaus Hartman, Atikur Rahman, and Nina Marković
An applied field can control the entry and exit of single quanta of magnetic flux (vortices) in superconducting nanowires.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 077002] Published Wed Feb 18, 2015
Kinesin-8 Motors Improve Nuclear Centering by Promoting Microtubule Catastrophe
Author(s): Matko Glunčić, Nicola Maghelli, Alexander Krull, Vladimir Krstić, Damien Ramunno-Johnson, Nenad Pavin, and Iva M. Tolić
A motor protein called kinesin-8 helps keep a cell’s nucleus centered by controlling the length of the tubular structures that connect it with the cell wall.
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[Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 078103] Published Wed Feb 18, 2015
New SPHERE instrument shows its power
The instrument has been used to search for a brown dwarf expected to be orbiting the unusual double star V471 Tauri — and found nothing.
Dawn captures sharper images of Ceres
As the spacecraft delivers better images and other data, the science team will be investigating the nature and composition of the dwarf planet.
Try before you fly
Technology image of the week: an ESA-led team rode this Polish centrifuge to prepare for a technology-testing parabolic flight












